1.         a. Describe what is meant by the leveling effect

            b. Write autoprotolysis constant expressions for the following liquids:

                    H₂O 1 x 10^-14
                    C₂H₅OH 8 x 10^-20
                    H₂SO₄ 1.4 x 10^-4
                    CH₃OH 2 x 10^-17
                    NH₃ 1 x 10^-33
                    H₃COOH 6 x 10^-7

            c. Calculate pCation for each of the above solvents.

2.        The accepted method for magnesium analysis is EDTA titration of water samples. In a well known stream study there is a problem with interference due
           to possible high levels of Cd²⁺ and Fe²⁺. Start by looking at titrating with EDTA, the controversy is over the level of interference when you are
           titrating Mg²⁺.

• Use equation 13-11 on page 327 to compute the titration of 100mL 0.025M Mg²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Fe²⁺ with 0.005M EDTA at a fixed pH=10.
• Now solve the issue of the change in titration with a change in pH by showing the effect of pH on the Mg²⁺ titration at pH= 5, 7, 8, 9, 12.

                                                                    * l refers to a boundary
                         Draw the cell that is described above.
                        Write an oxidation for the left half and a reduction for the right half.
                        Now calculate the standard cell potential.
                        Finally, if the battery delivers a constant current of 3.00 x 10³A for 45minutes, how many kilograms of Cl₂ will be consumed.

4.        Completely describe the pH electrode and the Ion Selective Electrode. Include electrode design, and method of analysis.

5.        Reproduce a diprotic strong base - weak acid titration using pK₁ = 4.78 and pK₂ = 9.97.

6.        You may use your book to describe either Voltammetry or Electrogravimetric and Coulometric Analysis. Do not re-write the chapter but be thorough and
            explain the principle of the experiment and uses.