First Generation  

1. William the Conqueror King of England, son of Robert II "The Magnificent" 6th Duke of Normandy and Herleva de Falaise, was born on 14 Oct 1024 in Falaise, Normandy, France and died on 9 Sep 1087 in Hermentrube, Near Rouen, France at age 62. The cause of his death was Fatal fall from a horse. Other names for William were William I King of England, and William I.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

Reigned 1066-1087. Duke of Normandy 1035-1087. Invaded England defeated and killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. The Norman conquest of England was completed by 1072 aided by the establishment of feudalism under which his followers were granted land in return for pledges of service and loyalty. King William was noted for his efficient if harsh rule. His administration relied upon Norman and other foreign personnel especially Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1085 started the Domesday Book.

NOTES: William of the House of Normandy; The first Norman King; On 28 Sep 1066 William secured the sanction of Pope Alexander II for a Norman invasion of England. By 1070 the Norman conquest of England was complete. William introduced the Continental system of feudalism; by the Oath of Salisbury of 1086 all landlords swore allegiance to William, thus establishing the precedent that a vassal's loyalty to the king overrode his fealty to his immediate lord. During a campaign against King Philip I of France, William fell from a horse and was fatally injured. William was the illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy and Arletta, a tanner's daughter. He is sometimes called "William the Bastard".

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign.

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: The victory of William I, 'the Conqueror' (reigned 1066-1087) at Hastings and his subsequent coronation in Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1066 did not give him complete control of England. Remaining resistance was, however, severely crushed and castles were built to control the country (including a fortress on the site of Windsor Castle, and the White Tower at the Tower of London). The lands of defeated Saxon nobles were given to William's followers in return for military service by a certain number of knights, so that the tenants' foremost obligation was allegiance to the king. This firmly established the feudal system. In 1086, William commissioned the Domesday Book, to record land holdings for the assessment of taxes and other dues. William spent long periods in Normandy to maintain his authority there, dealing with rebellions and French invasions. William died in 1087 leaving Normandy to his eldest son, Robert, and England to his second son, William II Rufus (reigned 1087-1100).

REF: "Royal Descents of Famous People" Mark Humphreys: Steve Jones' book "In the Blood: God, Genes, & Destiny" 1996, estimates that 25% of the population of Britain is descended from William the Conqueror. Consider you need two parents, four grandparents, etc. Assuming an average of abt 25 years per generation, you only need go back to 1200, quite within historical times, to need more separate ancestors than the population of the world. Therefor we all must descend from cousin marriages, many times over, even within the last few hundred years. Davenport claimed "no people of English descent are more distantly related than 30th cousins".

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 7th Duke of Normandy 1035-1087. ^{3 6}

• Military: Invaded Anjou, Brittany, Maine, 1047. ⁶

• Military: Norman conquest of England completed by, 1072. ⁶

• Personality: Noted for his efficient if harsh rule. ⁶

• Political: Started the Domesday Book, 1085. ⁶

• Military: Defeated & killed his rival Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became King. ⁶

• Title: Reigned as King of England 1066-1087. ^{2 6}

William married Matilda of Flanders,^{1 2 3 6 8 9 10 11} daughter of Baudouin V "The Pious" Comte de Flanders and Adela Capet Comtesse de Contenance, in 1053 in Cathedral Of Notre Dame D'eu, Normandy.^{2 3 6 8 9 10} Matilda was born in 1031 in Flanders, France,^{1 3 6 10} died on 2 Nov 1083 in Caen, Calvirginiados, France ^{1 3 6 8 9 10} at age 52, and was buried in Holy Trinity Abbey, Caen, Normandy, France.^{3 6 10}

Noted events in her life were:

• Political: Served as William's Regent in Normandy during & after the invasion of England. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

+ 2 F    i. Adela de Normandy ^{3 6 10 12 13} was born in 1062 in Normandy, France ^{6 13} and died on 8 Mar 1138 in Marcigny-Sur-Loire, France ^{6 13} at age 76.

+ 3 M    ii. Henry I King of England ^{1 2 3 6 8 10 15 16} was born about Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England ^{1 6 7 8 16 17 18} and died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-Le-Fermont, Forest Angers, Near Rouen, Normandy ^{1 3 6 7 17 19 20 21} about age 67.

   4 M    iii. William II "Rufus" Duke of Normandy, King of England died in 1100.

   5 M    iv. Robert II "Curthose" Duke of Normandy died in 1134.

  Second Generation  

2. Adela de Normandy ^{3 6 10 12 13} (William King of England¹) was born in 1062 in Normandy, France ^{6 13} and died on 8 Mar 1138 in Marcigny-Sur-Loire, France ^{6 13} at age 76. Another name for Adela was Alice.

Adela married Stephen II Comte de Blois,^{6 12} son of Theobald III of Champagne Count de Blois and Garsende of Maine, in 1081 in Breteuil, Eure, France.^{6 12 13 14} Stephen was born in 1045 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France ^{6 13} and died on 19 May 1102 in Rames ^{6 13 28} at age 57. The cause of his death was Killed in battle. Another name for Stephen was Étienne Henri.

Noted events in his life were:

• Military: A crusader under Godfrey de Bouillon who fell gallantly fighting the infidels. ⁶

• Death: Died at the battle of Ramla. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

   6 M    i. Guillaume de Champagne Comte de Chartes ⁶ was born in 1086 ⁶ and died in 1150 ⁶ at age 64. Another name for Guillaume was William De Blois de Sulli.

+ 7 M    ii. Theobald II "Le Grand" Comte de Blois ^{3 6 12 13} was born in 1088 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France ^{6 12 13} and died on 8 Jan 1152 ^{6 12 13} at age 64.

+ 8 M    iii. Stephen King of England ⁶ was born in 1095 in Blois, France ^{6 14 22} and died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Castle, Dover, Kent, England ^{6 14 22} at age 59.

3. Henry I King of England ^{1 2 3 6 8 10 15 16} (William King of England¹) was born about Sep 1068 in Selby, Yorkshire, England ^{1 6 7 8 16 17 18} and died on 1 Dec 1135 in St. Denis-Le-Fermont, Forest Angers, Near Rouen, Normandy ^{1 3 6 7 17 19 20 21} about age 67. The cause of his death was Apparently died from over eating Lampreys, or of food poisoning. Another name for Henry was Henry Beauclerc.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: After William's death while hunting in the New Forest in 1100, his younger brother, Henry I (reigned 1100-35), succeeded to the throne. By 1106 he had captured Normandy from his brother, Robert, who then spent the last 28 years of his life as his brother's prisoner. An energetic and decisive ruler, Henry centralised the administration of England and Normandy in the royal court, and extended royal powers of patronage.

Noted events in his life were:

• Personality: A hard but just ruler. Known as "Beauclerk" or "the Lion of Justice." ^{1 6 18}

• Title: By end of reign, he was the Lord of England, Normandy and Maine. ⁶

• Political: Known for final resolution of the investiture controversy. ^{1 6}

• Personality: Was so hated by his brothers that they vowed to disinherit him. ^{1 6}

• Political: United Saxons & Normans under one rule & began a sense of English nationalism. ⁶

• Title: Duke of Normandy, 1106-1135. ^{6 17 21}

• Title: King of England, 1100-1135. ^{1 6}

• Fact: Founded Reading Abbey.

Henry married Matilda of Scotland,^{3 6 15 18 19 23 35} daughter of Malcom III King of Scots and Saint Margaret of Scotland, on 11 Nov 1100 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 3 6 18 19 22 23} Matilda was born in Oct 1079 in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland ^{3 6 22 23 32 36} and died on 1 May 1118 in Westminster Palace, London, England ^{1 3 6 22 23 32 36} at age 38. Another name for Matilda was Edith of Scotland.

Noted events in her life were:

• Baptized: Christened Edith, but adopted the name Matilda upon her marriage to Henry. ^{6 18}

• Title: Crowned Queen Consort, 14 Nov 1100, Westminster Abbey, London, England. ^{6 32}

• Political: It was thought the Norman barons might not respect a queen with a Saxon name. ^{6 18}

• Title: Princess of Alba/Albany. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

+ 9 F    i. Emperess Matilda Queen of England ³⁷ was born in Feb 1101 ³⁸ and died on 10 Sep 1167 ³⁸ at age 66.

   10 M    ii. William Adelin was born in Nov 1103 and died on 25 Nov 1120 at age 17. The cause of his death was Died in a shipwreck, "The White Ship."

Henry had a relationship with Edith FitzForne.^{1 3 6 24 1 6 24} Edith was born in 1074 in Greystoke, Cumberland, England ⁶ and died in 1152 ^{6 24} at age 78. Another name for Edith was Edith Sigulfson.

Henry next had a relationship with Unknown between 1084 and 1095.^{24 25}

Their child was:

+ 11 F    i. Constance FitzRoy .

Henry next had a relationship with Unknown Gai about 1090.^{20 25 26 27}

Their child was:

+ 12 M    i. Robert de Caen de Mellent 1st Earl of Gloucester ^{1 3 6 26 27 29 39 40 41} was born about 1090 in Caen, Calvirginiados, France,^{1 3 6 29 41 42 43} died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol, Gloucestershire ^{3 6 29 44 45} about age 57, and was buried in St. James Priory, Bristol.^{6 20 26}

Henry next had a relationship with Lady Sybilla Corbet ^{1 3 6 28 29} about 1092.^{1 3 6 28 29} Sybilla was born in 1077 in Alcester, Warwickshire, England ⁶ and died after 1157.^{3 6 28} Other names for Sybilla were Adela Corbet, and Lucia Corbet.

Noted events in her life were:

• Fact: Co-heiress of her father. ^{6 28}

Henry next had a relationship with Nesta Verch Rhys Princess of Deheubarth ^{3 6 24 48 49} between 1103 and 1105.^{1 3 24 25 30 31} Nesta was born about 1073 in Dynevor, Llandyfeisant, Carmarthenshire, Wales ^{3 6 49} and died about 1114 ^{6 24} about age 41.

Noted events in her life were:

• Relationship: Owain ap Cadwgan of Cardigan came to visit Gerald and Nesta, Christmas 1108. ⁶

• Relationship: He so lusted after her that he, that night, attacked the castle. ⁶

• Relationship: He then carried her off and had his way with her. ⁶

Henry next had a relationship with Isabel de Beaumont ^{2 3 6 24 50} about 1120.^{1 24 25} Isabel was born after 1102 ^{1 6 24} and died after 1172.⁶ Another name for Isabel was Elizabeth.

Henry next married Adeliza de Louvain,^{2 6 14 32} daughter of Godfrey I and Ida of Chiny, on 29 Jan 1121 in Royal Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire, England.^{1 2 3 14 23 25 32} Adeliza was born Btw 1102 and 1103 in Louvirginiain, Belgium,^{2 6 14 23 29} died on 23 Apr 1151 in Affligem Abbey, Flanders, France ^{2 6 14 23 29} at age 48, and was buried in Affligem Abbey, Flanders, France.^{6 14 29} Another name for Adeliza was Adeliza de Brabant.⁶

Noted events in her life were:

• Religion: Became a nun at Affligem Abbey, near Alost in south Brabant, ca. 1149/50. ^{6 29}

Henry next had a relationship with Edith.

Henry next had a relationship with Ansfride.

  Third Generation  

7. Theobald II "Le Grand" Comte de Blois ^{3 6 12 13} (Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born in 1088 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France ^{6 12 13} and died on 8 Jan 1152 ^{6 12 13} at age 64.

General Notes: Waved Right To Kingship Of England In Favor Of Younger Brother Stephen

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 3rd Count Palatine of Champaigne & Brie. ^{3 6 12}

• Title: 4th Comte de Blois. ⁶

Theobald married Maud de Carinthia,^{3 6 12 51} daughter of Duc Ingelbert de Carinthia II and Utha Von Sulzbach of Passau, in 1123.^{3 12 33 34} Maud was born Btw 1097 and 1105 in Karnten, Austria ^{6 12} and died on 13 Dec 1160 ^{6 12} at age 63.

Children from this marriage were:

   13 F    i. Marie de Blois Abbess of Fontevrault ⁶ was born in 1128 ⁶ and died in 1190 ⁶ at age 62.

+ 14 F    ii. Adele de Champagne ^{3 6 33} was born in 1140 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France,^{3 6 33} died on 4 Jun 1206 in Paris, Seine, France ^{3 6 33} at age 66, and was buried at Abbaye Deleware Potigny.^{3 6}

8. Stephen King of England ⁶ (Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born in 1095 in Blois, France ^{6 14 22} and died on 25 Oct 1154 in Dover Castle, Dover, Kent, England ^{6 14 22} at age 59.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

REF: British Monarchy Official Website: Henry I was succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Blois (reigned 1135-54), his only legitimate son having drowned in the wreck of the White Ship which sank in the English Channel in 1120. Although widely preferred in England and Normandy as Henry's successor, Stephen lacked ruthlessness and failed to inspire loyalty. Henry's daughter, Matilda, invaded England in 1139 to claim the throne and the country was plunged into civil war. Neither side was strong enough to win and the war ended only in 1153 when Matilda's son, Henry, Count of Anjou, was recognised as heir to the throne.

Noted events in his life were:

• Fact: Henry I was Stephen's guardian aft the death of his father. ⁶

• Political: To curry Church's favor, had to relax the severe crown control of the nobility. ⁶

• Military: South & midlands counties wracked by civil war & famine throughout his reign. ⁶

• Political: When Henry I died, Stephen landed on England bef. Maud & made bid for the crown. ⁶

Stephen married Matilda of Boulogne, daughter of Count Eustace III of Boulogne and Princess Mary of Scotland. Matilda died on 3 May 1152.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 15 F    i. Marie of Boulogne Countess of Boulogne was born in 1136 and died in 1182 in St. Austrebert, Montreul, France at age 46.

9. Emperess Matilda Queen of England ³⁷ (Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in Feb 1101 ³⁸ and died on 10 Sep 1167 ³⁸ at age 66.

Matilda married Henry V, King of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor ³⁸ on 7 Jan 1114 in Worms. Henry was born on 11 Aug 1081 and died on 23 May 1125 at age 43.

Matilda next married Geoffery Plantagenet V, Count of Anjou,³⁷ son of King Fulk V of Jerusalem Count of Anjou and Eremburge of La Flèche, on 17 Jun 1128 in Le Mans Cathedral, Anjou.³⁸ Geoffery was born on 24 Aug 1113,³⁷ died on 7 Sep 1151 ³⁷ at age 38, and was buried in Le Mans, France. Other names for Geoffery were Geoffery the Fair, and³⁷ Geoffery The Handsome.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Count of Maine, 1126 to 1151. ³⁷

• Title: Count of Anjou, 1129 to 1151. ³⁷

• Title: Count of Mortain, 1141 to 1151. ³⁷

Children from this marriage were:

+ 16 M    i. Henry II King of England ^{3 6 14 15 23 35 54 55} was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, France,^{1 3 6 7 22 23 35} died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, France ^{1 2 3 6 7 22 23 35} at age 56, and was buried in Fontevrault, France.^{2 6 23}

   17 M    ii. Geoffery Plantagenet .

   18 M    iii. William Plantagenet .

11. Constance FitzRoy (Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹).

Constance married Richard I Viscount de Beaumont.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 19 F    i. Ermengarde de Beaumont .

12. Robert de Caen de Mellent 1st Earl of Gloucester ^{1 3 6 26 27 29 39 40 41} (Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born about 1090 in Caen, Calvirginiados, France,^{1 3 6 29 41 42 43} died on 31 Oct 1147 in Bristol, Gloucestershire ^{3 6 29 44 45} about age 57, and was buried in St. James Priory, Bristol.^{6 20 26} The cause of his death was Fever.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

REF: Weis Ancestral Roots (63:26), (124:26), (124A:26), (125:26), (132A:27): He was an illigitimate son of King HENRY I. According to "The Dictionary of National Biography", his mother was probably an unknown French woman. This birth was before HENRY became king. On insufficient grounds some claim his mother to be Nesta, dau. of RHYS AP TEWDR, King of Dehubarth. In his "Complete Peerage", Cockayne is of the opinion that his mother was most likely SIBYL CORBET. He fought at the Battle of Bremule in 1119, where his father defeated King LOUIS VI of France (RIN 1531). In 1122 he was created Earl of Gloucester. In 1123, he led a force to assist in the capture of the castle of Brionne, which was held by rebel Norman barons. In 1126 he had custody of the imprisoned rebel, Robert, Duke of Normandy. In 1127 he did homage to the EMPRESS MATILDA, recognizng her as his father's successor to the throne. When Stephen was chosen as king over the EMPRESS MATILDA, Robert did homage to him for his English lands. In 1137 he accompanied King Stephen to Normandy where a quarrel ensued. He then threw his support to MATILDA, who was in Normandy, and obtained the surrender of Caen and Bayeux to her husband, GEOFFREY PLANTAGANET, Count of Anjou (RIN 787). In Sep. 1139 he landed in England with MATILDA and took her to Arundel Castle. He became her commander-in-chief in the civil war which followed. Robert was captured by Stephen's forces, but Stephen had also been previously captured by MATILDA's. The two were returned to their respective camps in an even exchange. MATILDA sent Robert to Anjou to attempt to convince her husband, GEOFFREY, to come to her aid. GEOFFREY declined to help until he had conquered Normandy, so Robert joined in his campaign. However, hearing that MATILDA was beseiged at Oxford, he hurried back to her assistance. He took MATILDA's and GEOFFREY's son, HENRY (the future King HENRY II) with him. In 1143 Robert defeated Stephen at Wilton and in 1144 he blockaded Malmesbury, Stephen refusing battle. MATILDA's support had gradually dwindled, so Robert was unable to continue to press her cause. In 1147 Robert sent HENRY back to Anjou. Later that year Robert died of fever at Bristol.

Noted events in his life were:

• Personality: Distinguished soldier & powerful magnate in the west country. ⁶

• Fact: A founder of St. James Priory, Bristol. ^{6 44}

• Political: Became one of Stephen's most determined opponents. ⁶

• Political: Loyally supported his half-sister Maud in the civil war with King Stephen. ⁶

• Fact: Led force to capture Brionne Castle held by rebels in Normandy, 1122. ^{6 62}

• Fact: Did homage to 1/2 sister Maud & recognized her as his father's heir to throne, 1127. ^{6 62}

Robert married Mabel FitzHamon ^{2 3 6 29 39 63} in 1109.^{2 3 6 20 29 39 46 47} Mabel was born in 1090,⁶ died in 1157 ^{3 6 29 47} at age 67, and was buried in Also Called Maud And Sibyl.⁶

Children from this marriage were:

   20 F    i. Christiana of Gloucester .⁶⁴

+ 21 M    ii. William FitzRobert 2nd Earl of Gloucester ^{3 6 20 47} was born on 23 Nov 1116 in Gloucestershire, England ⁶ and died on 23 Nov 1183 ^{6 20} at age 67.

   22 F    iii. Maud FitzRobert of Gloucester ^{3 6 47 65} was born in 1120 in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England ⁶ and died on 29 Jul 1189 in Chester, England ^{6 65} at age 69.

  Fourth Generation  

14. Adele de Champagne ^{3 6 33} (Theobald II "Le Grand" Comte de Blois⁷, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born in 1140 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, France,^{3 6 33} died on 4 Jun 1206 in Paris, Seine, France ^{3 6 33} at age 66, and was buried at Abbaye Deleware Potigny.^{3 6} Another name for Adele was Alice de Champagne.

Adele married Louis VII "Le Jeune" King of France,^{2 3 6 53} son of Louis VI "Le Gros" King of France and Adelaide de Maurienne de Savoie, on 13 Nov 1160.^{1 2 3 6 12 23 33 52 53} Louis was born in 1120 in Fontainebleu, France,^{3 6 12 53} died on 18 Sep 1180 in Paris, Seine, France ^{1 2 3 6 12 53} at age 60, and was buried in Abbey Barbeaux, Melun, France.^{1 6} Another name for Louis was Louis I of Aquitaine.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Unknown: ⁶ Annuled on nominal grounds of consanguinity.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 23 M    i. Philippe II Capet Augustus King of France ^{3 6} was born on 21 Aug 1165 in Gonesse (Near Paris), France ⁶ and died on 14 Jul 1223 in Mantes, France ⁶ at age 57.

15. Marie of Boulogne Countess of Boulogne (Stephen King of England⁸, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born in 1136 and died in 1182 in St. Austrebert, Montreul, France at age 46.

Marie married Matthew of Alsace.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Divorced: Abt 1169.

• Religion: Became a nun, Abt 1169, St. Austrebert, Montreul.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 24 F    i. Maud of Boulogne and Alsace .

16. Henry II King of England ^{3 6 14 15 23 35 54 55} (Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 25 Mar 1133 in Le Mans, France,^{1 3 6 7 22 23 35} died on 6 Jul 1189 in Chinon, France ^{1 2 3 6 7 22 23 35} at age 56, and was buried in Fontevrault, France.^{2 6 23} Other names for Henry were Henry I of Aquitaine, and Henry Curmantle.

General Notes: Henry Plantagenet had three illegitimate sons, Geoffrey, who was Archbishop of York, Morgan, and William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury.

Medical Notes: Reddish hair & fair complected.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Duke of Normandy, 1150 to 1189. ³⁵

• Title: Count of Anjou, 1151 to 1189. ³⁵

• Title: King of England, 1154 to 1189. ³⁵

Henry married Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine,^{2 3 6 12 54 55 56 66 67} daughter of William X "The Saint" of Aquitaine 8th Count of Poitiers and Aenor of Châtellerault, Whit Sunday, May 18, 1152.^{1 2 3 6 22 23 35 55 56 57 58 59 60} Eleanor was born in 1122 in Chateau Deleware Belin, Gironde, Aquitaine ^{1 3 6 12 22 23} and died on 1 Apr 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Fontevrault, Anjou, France ^{3 6 12 22 23 56} at age 82.

Noted events in her life were:

• Title: Queen of England, 19 Dec 1154, Westminster Abbey, London, England. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

   25 M    i. William of England Count of Poitiers .³⁵ The cause of his death was Died in infancy.

   26 M    ii. Henry of England Count of Anjou ³⁵ was born on 28 Feb 1155 and died on 11 Jun 1183 at age 28. Another name for Henry was Henry the Young King.

Henry married Marguerite de France, daughter of Louis VII "Le Jeune" King of France and Constance of Castile, on 2 Nov 1160. Marguerite was born in 1158 and died in 1197 at age 39.

   27 M    iii. Geoffery of England II, Duke of Brittany .³⁵

   28 F    iv. Matilda of England Duchess of Saxony ³⁵ was born in 1156 and died in 1189 at age 33. Another name for Matilda was Maud.

Matilda married Henry "The Lion" Duke of Saxony.

   29 M    v. Richard I "The Lionheart" King of England ⁶⁸ was born on 8 Sep 1157 ⁶⁸ and died on 6 Apr 1199 in Châlus, France ⁶⁸ at age 41. The cause of his death was Shot with an arrow. Another name for Richard was Cœur de Lion.⁶⁸

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: King of England, 1189 to 1199. ⁶⁸

Richard married Berengaria of Navarre, daughter of Sancho VI King of Navarre, on 12 May 1191 in Chapel Of St George, Limassol, Cyprus.⁶⁸

+ 30 F    vi. Princess Eleanor Plantagenet ^{3 6 35 57 66 69} was born on 11 Oct 1162 in Falais, Calvirginiados, France Or Domfront, Normandy ^{3 6 22 57} and died on 31 Oct 1214 in Burgos, Spain ^{3 6 22 57} at age 52.

   31 F    vii. Joan of England Queen of Sicily ³⁵ was born in 1165 and died in 1199 at age 34.

Joan married William II King of Sicily in 1777.

Joan next married Count Raymund of Toulouse VI.

+ 32 M    viii. John I of England King of England ^{3 6 23 54 55 58 71} was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England,^{1 3 6 7 22 23 58 71} died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire ^{1 3 6 7 22 23 71 72} at age 49, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral.^{1 3 6 23 58}

Henry had a relationship with Ida Countess of Norfolk ^{6 61 75} about 1176.^{6 61} Ida was born in 1154 in Norfolk, England.⁶

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Partners: Abt 1176. ^{6 61}

Their child was:

+ 33 M    i. William Longespée Earl of Salisbury ^{1 2 3 6 61 76 77 78} was born in 1176 in Woodstock Manor,^{1 2 3 6 78} died on 7 Mar 1226 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England ^{2 3 6 78} at age 50, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral.⁶

19. Ermengarde de Beaumont (Constance FitzRoy¹¹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹).

Ermengarde married William I "The Lion" King of Scotland, son of Prince Henry of Scotland 3rd Earl of Huntington and Adeline de Warenne, on 5 Sep 1186 in Woodstock Palace. William died on 4 Dec 1214 and was buried Stirling in Arbroath Abbey.

Children from this marriage were:

   34 F    i. Marjorie of Scotland .

Marjorie married Gilbert Marshal 4th Earl of Pembroke, son of Sir William Marshal Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare Comtesse de Strigoil. Gilbert died on 27 Jun 1241.

+ 35 M    ii. Alexander II King of Scotland was born on 24 Aug 1198 and died on 6 Jul 1249 at age 50.

21. William FitzRobert 2nd Earl of Gloucester ^{3 6 20 47} (Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 23 Nov 1116 in Gloucestershire, England ⁶ and died on 23 Nov 1183 ^{6 20} at age 67.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Earl of Chester. ^{3 6}

William married Hawise de Beaumont,^{6 58 64} daughter of Robert "Bossu" de Beaumont 2nd Earl of Leicester and Amica de Gael, in 1150 in Leicestershire, England.^{6 20 58} Hawise was born Btw 1129 and 1134 in Leicester, Leicestershire, England ⁶ and died on 24 Apr 1197 ^{6 20 64} at age 67.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 36 F    i. Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester ^{3 6} was born in 1160 in Tewkesbury, Gloucester, England ⁶ and died on 1 Jan 1225 ⁶ at age 65.

  Fifth Generation  

23. Philippe II Capet Augustus King of France ^{3 6} (Adele de Champagne¹⁴, Theobald II "Le Grand" Comte de Blois⁷, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born on 21 Aug 1165 in Gonesse (Near Paris), France ⁶ and died on 14 Jul 1223 in Mantes, France ⁶ at age 57.

Philippe married Isabella de Hainault ⁶ in 1180.⁶ Isabella was born on 5 Apr 1170 in Virginialenciennes, Nord, France ⁶ and died on 15 Mar 1190 in Paris, Seine, France ⁶ at age 19.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 37 M    i. Louis VIII "The Lion" King of France ^{6 80} was born on 5 Sep 1187 in Paris, Seine, France ^{6 81 82} and died on 8 Nov 1226 in Montpensier, Auvergne, France ^{6 81 82} at age 39.

24. Maud of Boulogne and Alsace (Marie of Boulogne Countess of Boulogne¹⁵, Stephen King of England⁸, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹).

Maud married Henry I Duke of Brabant, son of Godfrey III Count of Leuven and Margaret of Limburg, in 1179. Henry was born in 1165 in Leuven and died on 5 Sep 1235 in Cologne, Germany at age 70.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 38 M    i. Henry II Duke of Brabant & Lothier ⁸⁰ was born in 1207 and died on 1 Feb 1248 in Leuven at age 41.

30. Princess Eleanor Plantagenet ^{3 6 35 57 66 69} (Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 11 Oct 1162 in Falais, Calvirginiados, France Or Domfront, Normandy ^{3 6 22 57} and died on 31 Oct 1214 in Burgos, Spain ^{3 6 22 57} at age 52. Another name for Eleanor was Leonora, Queen of Castile.

Eleanor married Alphonso VIII King of Castile,⁶⁹ son of Sancho III "el Deseado" King of Castile and Toledo and Blanca of Navarre, in 1176.^{69 70} Alphonso was born on 11 Nov 1155 ⁶⁹ and died on 5 Oct 1214 ⁷⁰ at age 58. Another name for Alphonso was He of Las Navas.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 39 F    i. Blanche of Castile ^{3 6 57 83} was born on 23 May 1188 in Chateaux Deleware Pale, Virginialencia, Castile,^{6 22 69} died on 30 Nov 1253 in Palais Du Louvre, Paris, France ^{6 69 82} at age 65, and was buried in Maubuisson.⁶

+ 40 F    ii. Berenguela of Castile was born in 1180 and died on 8 Nov 1246 at age 66.

32. John I of England King of England ^{3 6 23 54 55 58 71} (Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 24 Dec 1166 in Beaumont Palace, Oxford, England,^{1 3 6 7 22 23 58 71} died on 19 Oct 1216 in Newark Castle, Lincolnshire ^{1 3 6 7 22 23 71 72} at age 49, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral.^{1 3 6 23 58} The cause of his death was Fever, chills, exhaustion after crossing Wash of Lincoln & Norfolk. Another name for John was John Lackland.

General Notes: John Plantagenet had twelve illegitimate sons and daughters. Joanna, one of his daughters, married Llewelyn I, Ab Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales.

John had the following illegitimate children:
Joan the wife of (by a woman named Clemence)
Richard Fitz Roy (by his cousin, Adela, daughter of his uncle Hamelin de Warenne)
Oliver FitzRoy, (by mistress named Hawise)
By an unknown mistress (or mistresses) John fathered:
Geoffrey FitzRoy, who went on expedition to Poitou in 1205 and died there.
John FitzRoy.
Henry FitzRoy, who died in 1245
Osbert Gifford, who was given lands in Oxfordshire, Norfolk and Sussex
Eudes FitzRoy, who accompanied his half-brother Richard on Crusade and died in the Holy Land in 1241.
Bartholomew FitzRoy, a member of the order of Friars Preachers.
Maud FitzRoy, Abbess of Barking, who died in 1252.
Isabel FitzRoy, wife of Richard Fitz Ives.
Philip FitzRoy, found living in 1263.

Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p J110. 'Royalty for ommoners', Roderick W. Stuart, 1993, p 38.:

Reigned 1199-1216. Signed Magna Carta in 1215 at Runnymede. His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France to whom he lost several continental possesions including Normandy by 1205. He came into conflict with his Barons and was forced to Sign the Magna Carta. His later repudiation of the charter led to the first barons war 1215-17 during which John died.

Burke says he was born in 1160. John 'Lackland' King Of England was known as one of England's worst kings; however, modern analysis notes he was actually much better than his infamous reputation allows. His barons forced him to grant the famous charter of liberties, Magna Carta, in 1215. He was often cruel, but he showed both administrative and military ability. John succeeded his brother Richard the Lion-Hearted as king of England and duke of Normandy in 1199. His rule began badly. By inept politics and the murder of his nephew Arthur, he lost the allegiance of many of his French barons. King Philip Augustus of France then declared war. In 1205 John was beaten, and lost all the English holdings in France except Aquitaine. John persued a policy in England that brought him into conflict with Pope Innocent III. In 1208 the pope placed England under an interdict, which banned church services. The following year John was excommunicated. The king then showed his capacity for strong rule. He forced Scotland into a subordinate position, kept the Welsh princes in check, and held a firm grip on Ireland. But his foreign favorites, professional troops, and autocratic financial policy stirred up discontent among the English barons. When John failed to reconquer the lost French territories in 1214, most of the barons and many of the clergy revolted. On June 15, 1215, the king was forced to approve the Magna Carta at Runnymede meadow beside the River Thames. A few months later, John fought the barons. They were aided by Prince Louis of France, heir to Philip Augustus, and appeared certain to win. But John penned his enemies in London and the adjacent counties. He died suddenly in 1216, but his throne was saved for his son, Henry III. Buried in Worcester Cathedral Concubine at Kings Manor House, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England Divorced Isabel Fitzrobert 29 August 1189.

Source: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white".

Source: British Monarchy Official Website: Richard's success (at retrieving all of his French possessions taken by Philip Augustus) was short lived. In 1199 his brother, John, became king and Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203 John had retreated to England, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205. John (reigned 1199-1216) was an able administrator interested in law and government but he neither trusted others, nor was trusted by them. Heavy taxation, disputes with the Church (John was excommunicated by the Pope in 1209) and unsuccessful attempts to recover his French possessions made him unpopular. Many of his barons rebelled and in June 1215 they forced the King to sign a peace treaty accepting their reforms. This treaty, later known as Magna Carta, limited royal powers, defined feudal obligations between the king and the barons, and guaranteed a number of rights. The most influential clauses concerned the freedom of the Church; the redress of grievances of owners and tenants of land; the need to consult the Great Council of the Realm so as to prevent unjust taxation; mercantile and trading relationships; regulation of the machinery of justice so that justice be denied to no one; and the requirement to control the behaviour of royal officials. The most important clauses established the basis of habeas corpus ('you have the body'), i.e. that no one shall beimprisoned except by due process of law, and that 'to no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay right or justice'. The Charter also established a council of barons who were to ensure that the sovereign observed the Charter, with the right to wage war on him if he did not. Magna Carta was the first formal document insisting that the sovereign was as much under the rule of law as his people; and that the rights of individuals were to be upheld even against the wishes of the sovereign. As a source of fundamental constitutional principles, Magna Carta came to be seen as an important definition of aspects of English law, and in later centuries as the basis of the liberties of the English people. As a peace treaty Magna Carta was a failure and the rebels invited Louis of France to become their king. When John died in 1216 England was in the grip of civil war.

Noted events in his life were:

• Personality: Legendary evil "Prince John" in Robin Hood story. ⁶

• Personality: Able administrator, interested in fine points of the law. ^{6 60}

• Political: His reign saw renewal of war with Phillip II Augustus of France. ^{1 6 22}

• Personality: Moody, cruel & sadistic, but also intelligent, fair, charitable to the poor. ⁶

• Titles: 1177 to 1189. ^{1 6 58} King of Ireland 1177, Count of Mortain 1189, Earl of Gloucester 29 Aug 1189.

• Title: Count of Maine, 1199 to 1203. ⁷¹

• Title: Duke of Aquitaine, 1199 to 1216. ⁷¹

• Title: Duke of Normandy, 1199 to 1204. ⁷¹

• Title: King of England, 1199 to 1216. ⁷¹

• Political: Signed Magna Carta, 1215, Runnymede. ^{1 6 55} Repudiation of the charter led to the first Barons War 1215-17.

John married Isabel of Gloucester in 1189.

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Annulled: Annulled on the grounds of consanguinity, Abt 1199.

John next married Comtesse Isabella d'Angoulême,^{1 3 5 6 54 55 58 73 74 84 85 86 87} daughter of Aymer "Taillefer" Comte d'Angoulême and Alice de Courtenay, on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux Cathedral, Gascony, France.^{1 3 22 23 55 58 59 71 73 74} Isabella was born about 1186 in Angoulême, Charente, France,^{3 5 6 22 23 73 74} died on 31 May 1246 in Fontevrault L'abbe, Maine-Et-Loire, France ^{3 5 6 22 23 73 74 88} about age 60, and was buried in Fontevrault Abbey, France.^{6 88}

Noted events in her life were:

• Betrothal: She was betrothed to Hugh le Brun the elder prior to marrying John. ⁶

• Personality: Lured her son Henry III into diastrous entanglements & wars. ^{6 89}

• Personality: In her 2nd marriage, she bacame inscrutable & haughty, but still elegant. ^{6 89}

• Physical Description: She was blonde and blue eyed - one of the most breath taking beauties of her day, even in later life. ^{6 89}

• Succession: ucceeded her father as Countess de Angoulême, summer of 1202. ^{6 90}

• Fact: Accused of trying to poison Louis IX; fled to Fontevraud Abbey, where she died. ^{6 89}

Children from this marriage were:

   41 F    i. Isabella Plantagenet died in 1241.

Isabella married Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

   42 F    ii. Eleanor Plantagenet died in 1274.

Eleanor married Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicester.

Eleanor next married William Marshal 2nd Earl of Pembroke, son of Sir William Marshal Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare Comtesse de Strigoil. William was born about 1190 and died on 6 Apr 1231 about age 41.

+ 43 M    iii. Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou ^{1 3 6 88 91 92} was born on 5 Jan 1209 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire,^{1 3 6 88 91 93} died on 2 Apr 1272 in Berkhamsetad Castle, Hertfordshire ^{3 6 93 94} at age 63, and was buried in Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire.^{3 6 93 95}

+ 44 M    iv. Henry III King of England ^{1 3 5 6 23 54 55 88 98 99} was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England,^{1 3 5 6 22 98 99 100} died on 16 Nov 1272 in Wesminster, Middlesex ^{3 5 6 22 98 99 101 102} at age 65, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6 23 99}

   45 F    v. Joan Plantagenet was born on 22 Jul 1210 and died on 4 Mar 1238 at age 27.

Joan married Alexander II King of Scotland, son of William I "The Lion" King of Scotland and Ermengarde de Beaumont, 15-18 Jun 1221. Alexander was born on 24 Aug 1198 and died on 6 Jul 1249 at age 50.

33. William Longespée Earl of Salisbury ^{1 2 3 6 61 76 77 78} (Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1176 in Woodstock Manor,^{1 2 3 6 78} died on 7 Mar 1226 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England ^{2 3 6 78} at age 50, and was buried in Salisbury Cathedral.⁶ Another name for William was William Longspee Prince of England.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

Some sources show him being born about 1173. Some sources show death 07 March 1224/25.

Noted events in his life were:

• Political: Taken prisoner by Philippe Augustus & ransomed by John. ^{6 60}

• Military: Led a brave charge attempting rescue of Renaud de Dammartin, Jul 1214. ^{6 60}

• Military: Suffered disastrous defeat by French at Valenciennes, Jul 1214. ^{6 60}

• Political: Forsook his brother John & recognized Louis Capet as King at Winchester, Jun 1216. ^{6 60}

William married Ela FitzPatrick Countess of Salisbury,^{2 3 6 77 105 106} daughter of William FitzPatrick Earl of Salisbury, Earl of Wiltshire and Alianor de Vitrei, in 1198 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England.^{3 6 77 78 79} Ela was born Btw 1187 and 1191 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England,^{2 3 6 105} died on 24 Aug 1261 in Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, England ^{2 3 6 105} at age 73, and was buried in Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire.⁶

Noted events in her life were:

• Religion: Later, Abbess of Lacock in Wiltshire. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

   46 M    i. Sir William Longespée II, Earl of Salisbury ^{2 3 64 77 78 105} was born in 1207 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England,^{64 77} died on 7 Feb 1250 in AL-Mansura, On The Nile, Egypt ^{2 64} at age 43, and was buried in Acre, Palestine.⁶⁴ The cause of his death was Died On Crusade Of St. Louis.

Noted events in his life were:

• Political: Friends with Simon de Montfort whom he met in the Holy Land. ^{64 89}

• Military: Advised Robert d' Artois I not to attack Saracens. ^{64 89}

• Military: His advise was ignored & they both died. ^{64 89}

• Fact: His couragious death so impressed the Sultan that he was buried honorably. ^{64 89}

+ 47 M    ii. Stephen Longespée Earl of Ulster ^{2 3 6 78 79 105} was born in 1216 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England,^{3 6 79} died in 1260 in Sutton, Northamptonshire ^{2 3 6 79 107} at age 44, and was buried in Lacock, Wiltshire, England.⁶

+ 48 F    iii. Ida Longespée ^{2 3 5 64 110} was born in 1222 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England ⁶⁴ and died in 1269 ^{64 110} at age 47.

   49 M    iv. Richard Longespée .

   50 M    v. Nicholas Longespée died in 1297.

   51 F    vi. Isabella Longespée .

   52 F    vii. Petronilla Longespée .

   53 F    viii. Ella Longespée .

35. Alexander II King of Scotland (Ermengarde de Beaumont¹⁹, Constance FitzRoy¹¹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 24 Aug 1198 and died on 6 Jul 1249 at age 50.

Alexander married Joan Plantagenet, daughter of John I of England King of England and Comtesse Isabella d'Angoulême, 15-18 Jun 1221. Joan was born on 22 Jul 1210 and died on 4 Mar 1238 at age 27.

Alexander next married Marie de Coucy.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 54 M    i. Alexander III King of Scotland was born on 4 Sep 1241 and died on 19 Mar 1286 at age 44.

36. Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester ^{3 6} (William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1160 in Tewkesbury, Gloucester, England ⁶ and died on 1 Jan 1225 ⁶ at age 65.

Noted events in her life were:

• Acceded: Acceded, 1217, On Death Of Her Sister Isabella.

Amicia married Sir Richard FitzRoger 4th Earl of Hertford,^{3 6 112} son of Roger "The Good" de Clare 3rd Earl of Hertford and Maud de Saint Hilary, about 1180.^{3 6} Richard was born Btw 1153 and 1162 in Tunbridge Castle, Kent, England ⁶ and died on 30 Dec 1218 ⁶ at age 65. Another name for Richard was Richard Fitzroger De Clare Earl of Clare.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Lord of Clare, Tonbridge; St. Hilary. ⁶

• Title: Lord of half Giffard (Gloucester, Glamorgan, Gwynllwg). ⁶

• Title: 6 th Earl Of Clare, 4 th Earl Of Hertford, 1173.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 55 F    i. Matilda de Clare Countess of Gloucester ^{3 64 113} was born Btw 1175 and 1184 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire ^{3 64} and died in 1213 ^{3 64} at age 38.

+ 56 M    ii. Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester ^{6 94 114} was born Btw 1180 and 1182 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England ^{6 94} and died on 25 Oct 1230 in Perres-Guirrec, Brittany, France ^{6 94} at age 49.

  Sixth Generation  

37. Louis VIII "The Lion" King of France ^{6 80} (Philippe II Capet Augustus King of France²³, Adele de Champagne¹⁴, Theobald II "Le Grand" Comte de Blois⁷, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born on 5 Sep 1187 in Paris, Seine, France ^{6 81 82} and died on 8 Nov 1226 in Montpensier, Auvergne, France ^{6 81 82} at age 39.

Noted events in his life were:

• Personality: As Prince of France, met by popular acclaim in his English campaign. ⁶

• Political: Attemted to sieze English throne w/ support of rebellios English barons. ⁶

• Political: At time of John's death, controlled half of England. ^{6 60}

• Military: Took Winchester, beseiged Royal Castle there, 14 Jun 1216. ⁶

Louis married Blanche of Castile,^{3 6 57 83} daughter of Alphonso VIII King of Castile and Princess Eleanor Plantagenet, on 23 May 1200 in Normandy.^{5 6 22 81} Blanche was born on 23 May 1188 in Chateaux Deleware Pale, Virginialencia, Castile,^{6 22 69} died on 30 Nov 1253 in Palais Du Louvre, Paris, France ^{6 69 82} at age 65, and was buried in Maubuisson.⁶

Children from this marriage were:

+ 57 M    i. Robert "The Good" Capet I, Comte de Artois ^{5 6 116 117} was born in Sep 1216 in France ^{6 22 80 118} and died on 8 Feb 1250 in AL-Mansura, On The Nile, Egypt ^{5 6 22 80} at age 33.

   58 M    ii. Louis IX King of France was born on 25 Apr 1215 and died on 25 Aug 1270 at age 55.

Louis married Marguerite de Provence,¹¹⁹ daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence & Forcalquier and Beatrice de Savoie, on 27 May 1234. Marguerite was born in 1221 and died in 1295 at age 74.

   59 M    iii. Charles I of Sicily King of Sicily was born in 1227 and died in 1285 at age 58.

Charles married Beatrice de Provence,¹¹⁹ daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence & Forcalquier and Beatrice de Savoie, on 31 Jan 1246 in Aix-En-Provence. Beatrice was born in 1231 and died in 1267 at age 36.

38. Henry II Duke of Brabant & Lothier ⁸⁰ (Maud of Boulogne and Alsace²⁴, Marie of Boulogne Countess of Boulogne¹⁵, Stephen King of England⁸, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born in 1207 and died on 1 Feb 1248 in Leuven at age 41.

Henry married Marie of Hohenstaufen, daughter of Philip of Swabia King of Germany, Duke of Swabia and Irene Angelina. Marie was born in 1201 and died in 1235 at age 34.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 60 F    i. Matilda of Brabant ¹¹⁶ was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.

39. Blanche of Castile ^{3 6 57 83} (Princess Eleanor Plantagenet³⁰, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 23 May 1188 in Chateaux Deleware Pale, Virginialencia, Castile,^{6 22 69} died on 30 Nov 1253 in Palais Du Louvre, Paris, France ^{6 69 82} at age 65, and was buried in Maubuisson.⁶

Blanche married Louis VIII "The Lion" King of France,^{6 80} son of Philippe II Capet Augustus King of France and Isabella de Hainault, on 23 May 1200 in Normandy.^{5 6 22 81} Louis was born on 5 Sep 1187 in Paris, Seine, France ^{6 81 82} and died on 8 Nov 1226 in Montpensier, Auvergne, France ^{6 81 82} at age 39.

Noted events in his life were:

• Personality: As Prince of France, met by popular acclaim in his English campaign. ⁶

• Political: Attemted to sieze English throne w/ support of rebellios English barons. ⁶

• Political: At time of John's death, controlled half of England. ^{6 60}

• Military: Took Winchester, beseiged Royal Castle there, 14 Jun 1216. ⁶

(Duplicate Line. See Person 37)

40. Berenguela of Castile (Princess Eleanor Plantagenet³⁰, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1180 and died on 8 Nov 1246 at age 66.

Berenguela married Alfonso IX King of León, son of Ferdinand II King of León and Infante Urraca of Portugal. Alfonso was born on 15 Aug 1171 and died 23 or 24 Sep 1230 at age 59.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 61 M    i. Ferdinand III King of Castile & Léon was born in 1198-1199 and died on 30 May 1252 at age 53.

43. Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou ^{1 3 6 88 91 92} (John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 5 Jan 1209 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire,^{1 3 6 88 91 93} died on 2 Apr 1272 in Berkhamsetad Castle, Hertfordshire ^{3 6 93 94} at age 63, and was buried in Hayles Abbey, Gloucestershire.^{3 6 93 95} The cause of his death was Apoplectic siezure.

General Notes: Weir says died Berkhampstead Castle & buried Hayles Abbey.

Source: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman:

During Simon de Montfort's barons war, March 31, 1264 Londoners riot (London was very pro de Montfort), burn townhouses of the hated William de Lusignan, also prominent Royalist Lord Philip Basset, also Richard of Cornwall's Westminster manor, & his beloved Isleworth manor 7 miles away. Richard overnight goes from trying to mediate a solution to, like Edward, ardently desiring a battlefield confrontation. Richard was not popular with his brother Henry III's subjects as he was intelligent, pragmatic, had business acumen, & a lack of rancor; these qualities were disdained in favor of reckless courage, battlefield prowess, & open-handed generosity, which was expected of Lords. Richard's courage was never suspect; but he was not an innovative nor brilliant military commander. At Battle of Lewes on 14 May 1264, Richard commanded the left flank of the Royalist forces. After Prince Edward left the battle to pursue with unwholesome savagery the rebel Londoner flank of Montfort's forces, Montfort, keeping a reserve force (a tactic unheard of) came in & attacked Henry & obliterated his force; Henry fleed to the priory. Gilbert de Clare's center column forces met Richard's & took the day. Richard with his son Edmund fled into a windmill. When de Clare's forces captured the, they jeered "come out king of the millers". John Giffard's squire was the one who officially accepted Richard's royal surrender, adding to Richard's discomposure (that he had surrendered to a squire rather than a knight). Upon his presentation to Simon de Montfort, Simon made the lad, John Befs of Tewkesbury, a knight.

Noted events in his life were:

• Personality: Intelligent, pragmatic, had business acumen, a lack of rancor. Reddish hair & fair complected. Near sighted. ^{6 89}

• Personality: Known for his studied, analytical & shrewd competence. ^{6 89}

• Title: Earl of Cornwall, 30 May 1227. ^{6 88} Renounced the County of Poitou ca Dec 1243.

• Title: Elected King of the Romans and King of Germany (Almaine)., 13 Jan 1257. ^{3 6 66 94}

• Family: Peacemaker between Henry & Prince Edward, Henry's son., 23 Apr 1260. ^{6 89}

• Personality: Never got over the murder of his son Henry by his Montfort nephews., Mar 1271. ⁶

Richard had a relationship with Jeanne de Valletort.^{1 3 6 94 96 97 1 3 6 93 94 96 97}

Their child was:

+ 62 M    i. Sir Richard de Cornwall ^{1 3 6 91 93 94 97} died after 1280.^{1 6 91 94}

Richard married Isabella Marshal Countess of Pembroke,^{2 3 6 93 94 121 122} daughter of Sir William Marshal Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare Comtesse de Strigoil, on 13 Mar 1231 in Fawley Church, Buckinghamshire.^{2 3 6 93 94} Isabella was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Wales,^{6 94} died on 15 Jan 1240 in Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, England ^{6 94 121} at age 39, and was buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire.^{6 94} The cause of her death was Jaundice contracted whilst in childbed. Another name for Isabella was Isabella Mareschal.^{3 6 62}

Richard next married Sanchia de Provence,¹¹⁹ daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence & Forcalquier and Beatrice de Savoie. Sanchia was born in 1228 and died in 1261 at age 33.

44. Henry III King of England ^{1 3 5 6 23 54 55 88 98 99} (John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 1 Oct 1207 in Winchester Castle, Hampshire, England,^{1 3 5 6 22 98 99 100} died on 16 Nov 1272 in Wesminster, Middlesex ^{3 5 6 22 98 99 101 102} at age 65, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6 23 99} Another name for Henry was Henry III Plantagenet King Of England.

General Notes: Source: British Monarchy Official Website:

Henry III (reigned 1216-1272), John's son, was only nine when he became king. By 1227, when he assumed power from his regent, order had been restored based on his acceptance of Magna Carta. However, the king's failed campaigns in France, his choice of foreigners as friends and advisers, together with the cost of his scheme to make one of his younger sons king of Sicily and help the Pope against the Holy Roman Emperor, led to further disputes with the barons and united opposition in Church and State. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) and the Provisions of Westminster (1259 were attempts by the nobles to curb the king's power, control appointments and set up an aristocratic council. Henry renounced the Provisions in 1264 and war broke out. The barons under their leader, Simon de Montfort, were initially successful, but Henry and his son, Edward, finally defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Royal authority was restored by the Statute of Marlborough (1267), in which the king also promised to uphold Magna Carta and some of the Provisions of Westminster.

Source: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow":

In April 1258, Henry's brother Richard of Cornwall sent 50 ships of grain from Germany (where Richard was chasing the elusive crown of Germany) to London to help alleviate the famine, Henry siezed the ships & tried to sell them at inflated prices. This enraged the general populace of London, Henry backed down but they remained bitter. After Henry reconciled with Prince Edward through the mediation of Richard of Cornwall (Henry thought Edward was plotting with Simon de Montfort), Henry attempted to try de Montfort on charges of perjery & "lesse-majeste". The Barons on the King's Council baulked & Louis IX was dismayed by Henry's bad faith, & sent the Archbishop of Rouen to defend de Montfort, Henry backed off. In June 1261 Henry borrows from his father John's tricks & gets the Pope to annul the Oxford Provisions, even as John did with the Magna Charta. The Barons nearly revolt over this, with even Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, siding with de Montfort. Later, de Clare defects from de Montfort & comes to a "private understanding" with Henry & de Montofrt's "common enterprise" unravels. Simon withdraws to France. In July 1262, Henry follows de Montfort into France & tries to have him arraigned before the French King, Louis IX, but the attempt fails. Simon returns to England April 1263, which most felt meant a precursor to war. May 1263 the de Montfort supporters meet & vow all are enemies who do not support the Provisions save the King & his family. Henry held fast, the barons' discontent flared into violence & Simon's supporter the Earl of Derby sacked the town of Worcester & burned the Jewry. May 1263 the young Earl of Gloucester led an Army west & captured the Bishop of Hereford, the most hated of the foreign advisors to Henry III then left after the expulsion of the de Lusignans. He threw the Bishop into prison, laid siege to the royal castle at Gloucester, where de Montfort assumed command. The army then went north to Bridgenorth, where they coordinated their attack with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd; the twon & castle surrendered. de Montfort then headed south for London, where a panicked Henry took refuge in the Tower. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (which Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). In October 1263 Richard Duke of Cornwall (Henry's brother) son Henry defected to Montfort. Simon received a triumphal entry into London July 1263 & Henry capitulated at the Tower of London on July 13, 1263.

Reigned 1216-1272. A minor when he took the throne he did not take the reigns of Government himself until 1234. Baronian discontent simmered, boiling over in 1258 when Henry facing financial disaster attempted to raise large sums from his magnates. Reforms were agreed upon but then renouced by Henry. Simon de Montford lead a rebellion against the King (the Barons Wars) which was defeated after initial success, thereafter Hnery ceeded much of his power to his son. Henry III ran afoul of his barons (again) when he requested a large amount of money to aid him in putting down Gaston de Béarn's 2nd rebellion in Gascony, saying that de Béarn's ally St. Ferdinand III King of Castile was going to invade Gascony, but just as he said this, Simon de Montfort returned to England & told the barons that Henry was actually negotiating with the St. Ferdinand III to marry his daughter Eleanor to Henry's son Crown Prince Edward "Longshanks" (de Montfort's commetns were true). At this point, with Henry's many debacles, his lack of resolve & constancy, the reforms were going to be made with or without his participation.

Source: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: William the Conqueror requested a large number of Jews to move to England after his conquest. They spoke Norman & did well under his reign. They continued to thrive under William's grandson Henry II. When Richard was coronated, he did so "in a bath of Jewish blood." John merely taxed them very heavily, "bled them white". The Jews did the worst of all under the pious Henry III as during his reign the church felt threatened by violence, war, schism & heresy. The church encouraged Jewish pogroms & spread rumors of grisly rituals & murders committed by Jews. Henry, as a faithful son of the church, did nothing to restrain it.

Noted events in his life were:

• Personality: Kind but capricious, urbane, pious, loved pageantry, sensitive to slights. He had reddish hair and was fair complected, middle height. ^{6 89}

• Political: Captured by baronial party under Montfort, but restored by son Edward, 1265. ^{3 6}

• Transfer of Power: After the Baron War, Henry ceeded much power to his son Edward Longshanks. ⁶

• Title: King of England, 28 Oct 1216 to 1272. ⁶ Took reigns of government 1234.

• Political: Defeated resoundingly by Louis IX in the ill fated Gascony campaign, 1242. ^{6 89}

• Political: Gascony debacle followed by inept & catastrophic Welsh campaign, Aug 1245. ^{6 89}

• Political: Baronial discontent simmered in 1258 when he tried to raise large sums of money, 1258. ⁶

Henry married Eleanor de Provence,^{3 5 6 54 55 98 99 104 123 124} daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence & Forcalquier and Beatrice de Savoie, on 24 Jan 1237 in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England.^{3 5 22 55 59 98 99 100 103 104} Eleanor was born in 1222 in Aix-En-Provence, France,^{1 3 5 6 22 98 100 125} died on 26 Jun 1291 in Amesbury, England ^{3 5 6 22 98 100 126} at age 69, and was buried in Convent Church, Amesbury, England.⁶

Noted events in their marriage were:

• Alt. Marriage: 14 Jan 1236. ⁹⁹

Noted events in her life were:

• Fact: Rescued by Henry's enemy Thomas FitzThomas, Mayor of London. ^{6 89}

• Personality: Hated by the commoners for her lavish tastes & French patronage. ^{6 89}

• Personality: Most unpopular Queen since the days of the Conqueror. ^{6 89}

• Personality: Well educated, high spirited, pretty. Not very popular w/ barons. ^{6 89}

• Religion: After King Henry died she took the veil at Amesbury. ⁶

• Assension: Queen of England, 20 Jan 1236, Westminster Abbey, London, England.

• Fact: Attacked by mob as she attempted to escape London up the Thames, Jul 1263. ^{6 89}

• Political: After Henry's defeat at Lewes, tried to organize an army to invade from Flanders, Nov 1264. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

+ 63 M    i. Edward I "Longshanks" King of England ^{1 3 5 6 23 55 98 127 128 129 130 131} was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England,^{1 3 5 6 22 23 98 128 129} died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-On-The-Sands, Near Carlisle, Cumberland, England ^{1 3 5 6 22 23 98 125 128 129 130} at age 68, and was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6 23}

+ 64 M    ii. Edmund Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster ^{3 5 6 54 98 136 137 138 139} was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England,^{5 6 98 138 140} died in 1296 in Bayonne, France ^{5 6 98 125 138 140} at age 51, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.⁶

+ 65 F    iii. Princess Margaret Plantagenet was born in 1240 and died in 1275 at age 35.

   66 F    iv. Beatrice Plantagenet .

   67 F    v. Katherine Plantagenet .

47. Stephen Longespée Earl of Ulster ^{2 3 6 78 79 105} (William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1216 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England,^{3 6 79} died in 1260 in Sutton, Northamptonshire ^{2 3 6 79 107} at age 44, and was buried in Lacock, Wiltshire, England.⁶

Noted events in his life were:

• Titles: Justicar of Ireland. Earl of Ulster via his wife's 1st husband. ^{3 6 79}

• Title: Seneschal of Gascony. ^{3 6 79}

Stephen married Emmeline de Riddlesford of Ulster,^{3 30 64} daughter of Sir Walter de Riddlesford II, Baron de Bray and Annora, between 1243 and 1244.^{2 3 6 78 79 108 109} Emmeline was born Btw 1220 and 1223 ^{3 64 141} and died Btw 1275 and 1276 ^{2 3 30 64 141} at age 55.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 68 F    i. Emmeline Longespée ^{2 3 5 64 79 108 142} was born in 1250 in Ulster, Ireland & Sutton, Northamptonshire ^{5 64 142} and died in 1291 ^{5 64 142} at age 41.

48. Ida Longespée ^{2 3 5 64 110} (William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1222 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England ⁶⁴ and died in 1269 ^{64 110} at age 47.

Ida married William de Beauchamp Baron of Bedford,^{64 110 143 144} son of Simon de Beauchamp, in 1229.^{2 5 6 110} William was born in 1187 in Essex, England ⁶⁴ and died in 1262 ^{2 64} at age 75.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 69 F    i. Beatrix de Beauchamp ^{64 145} was born in 1238 in Essex, England ⁶⁴ and died in 1280 ^{5 64} at age 42.

Ida next married Sir Walter FitzRobert Baron Baynard,^{2 64 111} son of Robert FitzWalter Baron Baynard and Rohese.^{2 6 111} Walter died before 10 Apr 1258.^{64 111} Another name for Walter was Walter FitzHerbert.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 70 M    i. Lord Robert FitzWalter ^{2 64} was born in 1247 ^{2 64} and died Btw 1325 and 1326 ^{2 64} at age 78.

54. Alexander III King of Scotland (Alexander II King of Scotland³⁵, Ermengarde de Beaumont¹⁹, Constance FitzRoy¹¹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 4 Sep 1241 and died on 19 Mar 1286 at age 44.

Alexander married Princess Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of Henry III King of England and Eleanor de Provence, on 26 Dec 1251. Margaret was born in 1240 and died in 1275 at age 35.

The child from this marriage was:

   71 F    i. Margaret of Scotland Queen of Norway was born on 28 Feb 1260 and died on 9 Apr 1283 at age 23.

Margaret married Eirik II King of Norway in 1281.

55. Matilda de Clare Countess of Gloucester ^{3 64 113} (Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester³⁶, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born Btw 1175 and 1184 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire ^{3 64} and died in 1213 ^{3 64} at age 38.

Matilda married Roger "Helle" de Lacy Lord Pontefract ^{3 64 144} in 1192.^{3 64} Roger was born in 1171 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England,^{3 64} died in 1211 in Pontefract, Yorkshire ^{2 3 64} at age 40, and was buried in Stanslaw Abbey, Cheshire.⁶⁴

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Baron Halton, Justiciar of England. ^{3 64}

• Title: Constable of Chester, Castellan of Chateau Galliard in western Normandy. ^{3 64}

• Military: Besieged at Chateau Galliard by Phillip II; French successfully took the castle, Between 1203 and 1204. ⁶⁴

The child from this marriage was:

+ 72 M    i. John de Lacy 1st Earl of Lincoln, Baron of Holton ^{2 3 6 94} was born in 1192 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England,⁶ died on 22 Jul 1240 in Stanlaw, Chester, England ^{2 6} at age 48, and was buried in Stanlow Abbey (then Whalley).⁶

56. Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester ^{6 94 114} (Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester³⁶, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born Btw 1180 and 1182 in Hertford, Hertfordshire, England ^{6 94} and died on 25 Oct 1230 in Perres-Guirrec, Brittany, France ^{6 94} at age 49. Another name for Gilbert was Gilbert De Clare Earl of Clare.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 5th Earl of Hertford. ⁶

• Title: 7 th Earl Of Clare.

• Title: Lord of Tonbridge; St. Hilary. ⁶

• Political: Surety for the Magna Charta, 1215. ^{6 115}

Gilbert married Isabella Marshal Countess of Pembroke,^{2 3 6 93 94 121 122} daughter of Sir William Marshal Earl of Pembroke and Isabel de Clare Comtesse de Strigoil, on 9 Oct 1217 in Tewkesbury Abbey, Gloucester.^{2 6 94 108 115} Isabella was born on 9 Oct 1200 in Pembroke Castle, Wales,^{6 94} died on 15 Jan 1240 in Berkhamsted Castle, Hertfordshire, England ^{6 94 121} at age 39, and was buried in Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire.^{6 94} The cause of her death was Jaundice contracted whilst in childbed. Another name for Isabella was Isabella Mareschal.^{3 6 62}

The child from this marriage was:

+ 73 M    i. Richard de Clare 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester ^{5 6 108 144 147} was born on 4 Aug 1222 in Mellent, Gloucester, England ^{5 6 94 108} and died on 15 Jul 1262 in Ashenfield, Canterbury, Kent ^{2 5 6 94} at age 39.

  Seventh Generation  

57. Robert "The Good" Capet I, Comte de Artois ^{5 6 116 117} (Louis VIII "The Lion" King of France³⁷, Philippe II Capet Augustus King of France²³, Adele de Champagne¹⁴, Theobald II "Le Grand" Comte de Blois⁷, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born in Sep 1216 in France ^{6 22 80 118} and died on 8 Feb 1250 in AL-Mansura, On The Nile, Egypt ^{5 6 22 80} at age 33. The cause of his death was Drowned in the Nile River on the Crusade of St. Louis. Another name for Robert was Robert the Good.

Noted events in his life were:

• Military: Fled the battle & sank in the Nile in full armor. ^{6 89}

• Personality: Known as hot tempered & rash. ^{6 89}

Robert married Matilda of Brabant, daughter of Henry II Duke of Brabant & Lothier and Marie of Hohenstaufen, on 14 Jun 1237 in Compiègne.⁸⁰ Matilda was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 74 F    i. Blanche Capet of Artois Regent of Navarre ⁵⁴ died on 2 May 1300.¹¹⁶

60. Matilda of Brabant ¹¹⁶ (Henry II Duke of Brabant & Lothier³⁸, Maud of Boulogne and Alsace²⁴, Marie of Boulogne Countess of Boulogne¹⁵, Stephen King of England⁸, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) was born in 1224 and died on 29 Sep 1288 at age 64.

Matilda married Robert "The Good" Capet I, Comte de Artois,^{5 6 116 117} son of Louis VIII "The Lion" King of France and Blanche of Castile, on 14 Jun 1237 in Compiègne.⁸⁰ Robert was born in Sep 1216 in France ^{6 22 80 118} and died on 8 Feb 1250 in AL-Mansura, On The Nile, Egypt ^{5 6 22 80} at age 33. The cause of his death was Drowned in the Nile River on the Crusade of St. Louis. Another name for Robert was Robert the Good.

Noted events in his life were:

• Military: Fled the battle & sank in the Nile in full armor. ^{6 89}

• Personality: Known as hot tempered & rash. ^{6 89}

(Duplicate Line. See Person 57)

61. Ferdinand III King of Castile & Léon (Berenguela of Castile⁴⁰, Princess Eleanor Plantagenet³⁰, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1198-1199 and died on 30 May 1252 at age 53. Other names for Ferdinand were El Santo, and Fernando III.

General Notes: Ferdinand had 2 wives and numerous mistresses with whom he had 15 children.

Research Notes: My information and source can be found at Foundation for Medieval Genealogy

Ferdinand married Joan de Dammartin before Aug 1237.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 75 F    i. Eleanora of Castile Condessa de Ponthieu ^{3 5 6 53 83 98 128 129 131 134} was born in 1240 in Burgos, Castile, Spain,^{1 3 5 6 22 98 128 129 130 148} died on 29 Nov 1290 in Herdeby (Near Grantham), Lincolnshire, England ^{3 5 6 22 62 98 125 128 129 130 134} at age 50, and was buried on 16 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6}

62. Sir Richard de Cornwall ^{1 3 6 91 93 94 97} (Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou⁴³, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) died after 1280.^{1 6 91 94}

Richard married Joan.^{6 91 94 120}

The child from this marriage was:

+ 76 F    i. Joan de Cornwall ^{1 5 6} died after 1347.^{5 6}

63. Edward I "Longshanks" King of England ^{1 3 5 6 23 55 98 127 128 129 130 131} (Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England,^{1 3 5 6 22 23 98 128 129} died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-On-The-Sands, Near Carlisle, Cumberland, England ^{1 3 5 6 22 23 98 125 128 129 130} at age 68, and was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6 23} The cause of his death was Dysentery. Another name for Edward was Edward Plantagenet.

General Notes: Source: British Monarchy Official Website:

Edward I (1272-1307), who succeeded his father, was an able administrator and law maker. He re-established royal power, investigating many of the abuses resulting from weak royal government and issuing new laws. Edward was an effective soldier, gaining experience from going on crusade to Egypt and Syria before he became king. In 1276 Edward invaded Wales where Llewelyn ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales, had built up considerable power. In a series of campaigns Edward gained control of Wales, building strong castles to secure his conquests. Llewelyn was killed and in 1284, the Statute of Wales brought Wales under Edward's rule. In 1301, he created his eldest son, Edward, the first English Prince of Wales. Wanting to unite the country behind him and to raise money for all these campaigns, in 1295 the king called what became known as the 'Model Parliament'. To this he summoned not only the aristocracy and the prelates, but also the knights of the shires, burgesses from the towns and junior clergy, thus creating a Parliament in approximately its modern form. From this date onwards, this system of representation became the norm. In 1296 Edward invaded Scotland, successfully seizing the king of Scots and the Stone of Scone. However, a guerrilla war broke out and William Wallace, the Scottish leader, defeated the English at Stirling Bridge. Wallace was finally captured and executed in 1305. Edward died in 1307, when he was about to start another campaign against the Scots. In 1314 Robert the Bruce, who had become king of Scots in 1306, defeated the English at the Battle of Bannockburn.

Source: Sharon Kay Penman "Falls the Shadow":

He was on fairly friendly & respectful terms with his uncle, Simon de Montfort, and even initially supported Simon's calls for honoring the Oxford Provisions. But, after Richard of Cornwall's mediation in the dispute between Edward & his father Henry, Simon had his final break with de Montort in April 1260. In late June 1260, Edward, attempting to alleviate Henry's money crisis, by subterfuge under cover of darkness requested admittance into the New Temple of the Knights Templar in London & robbed the treasuries of the city guilds. In June 1263 Prince Edward's foreign Flemish troops burned Bristol; the populace rose up & besieged him & his army in the castle. The Bishop of Worcester, Walter de Cantelou placated the townsfolk by taking Edward's pladge to make peace with de Montfort & the barons (Edward had no intention of honoring his pledge). March 1264 Simon's sons Henry & Bran de Montfort trap Prince Edward at Gloucester Castle, but Edward solemnly avows to Henry (they were extremely close, growing up together) that if Henry grants him a truce he will work with King Henry & Richard of Cornwall to arrange a truce & avoid war. Henry de Montfort was in command, & believed him. Edward was lying through his teeth. As soon as Henry & Bran de Montfort's army were out of sight, Edward siezed the town & imposed harsh fines & penalties. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Edward of Simon's forces (de MOntfort was in London) crippled rebel forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London (since Londoners were very favorable to Simon) on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, & after Derby lost Tutbury Castle, he defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward takes Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but was surrounded by Edward & Henry. In May 1264, the Bishop of Chichester tried to convince Henry III to negotiate, but he refused. The Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) try to do the same on the eve of the Battle of Lewes; again Henry refuses. At Lewes, Montfort was outnumbered 2:1; Royalist forces numbered some 10,000. Montfort introduced a new strategy to warfare; he established a reserve command to be commanded by himself, plus he intoduced the concept of the night march. He was thought to be miles away by the Royalist forces on the eve of the battle, but he & his army undertook a night march to focre the battle on May 14, 1264. Henry was utterly taken by surprise, & his garrison lodged at the Priory were in some confusion; however, Edward, who garrisoned his men at Lewes Castle, was able to meet the rebel left flank of greenhorn & untrained Londoners under the command of Nicholas de Segrave. Edward routed them with no care for the "rules" of war in that he & his knights undertook a pursuit miles away from the battle only to slay every man they could find. This was thought caused by the Londoner's steadfast support for Monfort and their animosity toward Henry & especially Edward's mother Queen Eleanor (including the London mob's attack on her barge July 1263). From these beginnings Edward had a lifelong hatred for Londoners. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cantelou) to negotiate, Simon formally renounced all allegiance to Henry, & was followed by his men. including Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, Humfrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", John Giffard, Sir John FitzJohn, Nicholas de Segrave, & Robert de Vere. Clare & Vere had the most to lose of any rebel supporters. At the battle itself, the left flank of green & hastily trained but no battle-experience Londoners was under the command of Nicholas de Segrave with 2nd an inexperienced John Giffard; the right flank was commanded by Simon's sons Henry & Guy de Montfort (Bran still being held in captivity at Windsor Castle by Henry) with 2nd Humphrey de Bohun VI "the Younger", the center column was commanded by Gilbert de Clare, 2nded by Sir John FitzJohn, with Simon himself commanding the new reserve force 2nded by Hugh le Despenser. For the Royalists, Henry commanded the center column, Richard of Cornwall commanded the left flank, & Edward commanded the vanguard. Royalist forces outnumbered the rebels by some 2:1 with some 10,000 men. Henry's force was augmented by a Scots force sent by his son in law Alexander III the Glorious, King of Scotland. With Edward were Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Hugh le Bigod, Henry Plantagenet of Almaine, Richard of Cornwall's son (& Edward's cousin & Simon's nephew), & John de Warenne. At the time of the battle, Simon was thought to be miles away, & still unable to ride a horse due to his broken leg. After Edward had absented himself from the field so long (carrying out his vengeance on the Londoners) Simon attacked & obliterated King Henry's force. Henry fled to the Priory. Richard of Cornwall was captured by Gilbert de Clare. When Edward & his men found out, Edward was urged to flee to Pevensey Castle & from there toward France. Edward refused to abandon his father, but the de Lusignans fled the battle, as did John de Warenne, Hugh le Bigod, Dafydd ap Gruddydd & over 300 knights. Only Edward's cousin Henry of Almaine (Richard of Cornwall's son) & Edwards household knights remained with him. Edward got through John FitzJohn's surrounding encampment to his father in the priory, Simon then offered a 12 hour truce & accepted their surrender the following morning. Lewes resulted in 2700 known dead (one of every five men). Under the Mise of Lewes, the Oxford Provisions were again reinstated as the law of the land, with an arbitration commission. Under no circumstances could Henry appoint aliens onto his council. Henry's extravagent spending was also to be brought under control & he to live within his means & pay off his enormous debts. A full amnesty was proclaimed for all rebels. No ransoms were to be paid for men captured at Lewes nor earlier at Northampton. Edward & Henry of Almaine surrendered themselves as hostages for their fathers' good faith. Edward was confined at Wallingford Castle with Richard of Cornwall. King Henry was lodged securely at the palace of the Bishop of London, In June 1264, Simon called a Parliament, one that included knights & town officials. The effect of Lewes that while Henry was still King, Simon had command of the realm. He also called for the terms of the Chivalric code to cover not only knights, but also commoners & Jews. In October 1264, the Pope (who hated Simon & the English Lords who had refused to succor his (the Pope's) abortive plans for Sicily) formally excommunicated Simon, his sons Henry, Bran & Guy, Gilbert de Clare, Hugh le Despenser, the Mayor of London Thomas FitzThomas, & many of their supporters. The Bishops of Worcester, London & Winchester refused to publish the sentence of anathema; the Pope laid England under Interdict Oct 21 1264, but the English clergy continued to support Simon & services & rites of the Church continued to be performed. After the great victory, Simon's problems with governing began to mount. He wielded the King's authority without the right, & many began to question his motives for power. Also, an economic crises mounted as the sailors of the Cinque Ports had siezed all shipping in the Channel. In November 1264, kinsmen of the Earl of Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun V (Humphrey de Bohun VI was a staunch Montfort supporter) waged an attack on Wallingford Castle to free Edward. Guy de Montfort, Edward's cousin & Simon's son, cooly told Edward to have the besiegers call off the attack or he (Guy) would order Edward hurled at them in the Castle mangonel. Such was the bad blood between them that Edward did as ordered. At the Battle of Kenilworth, Edward borrowed from Simon's never before heard of tactics & underwent & forced night march of 30 miles & surprised Bran de Montfort outside Kenilworth Castle (Bran had foolishly encamped outside, rather than in, the castle). Bran had a large army & cache of supplies gathered for the relief of Simon, who had been trapped in Wales for a month; however, Bran had been lax in speedily coming to his father's rescue & in enforcing military discipline. Edward's forces completely overwhelmed Bran's army; Edward captured so many horses he was able to mount every man in his army. At Evesham (4 Aug 1265) Edward flew false colors of Robert de Vere of Oxford (captured at Kenilworth) & of Bran and entrapped Simon there. It was less a battle than a slaughter; Edward allowed his men to mutilate the dead, etc.

In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham (1265) as King he is noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expence of feaudalism and for subdueing Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. This was after his first campaign in Wales when he was still prince. He & his father Henry III were led an army into Gwynedd & were defeated at Deganwy Castle August 1257 leaving all of Wales (and all of Prince Edward's Welsh lands) in the control of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd. Edward & Henry's forces were defeated by Llywelyn in less than a month. He later tried to assert his authority over Scotland and died while on his way to fight Robert Bruce.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: King of England, 1272-1307. ^{1 6 23}

• Political: Noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expence of feudalism. ^{1 6}

• Political: Subdued Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. ^{1 6}

• Political: Tried to assert his authority over Scotland. ^{1 6}

• Death: Died while on his way to fight Robert the Bruce. ^{1 6}

• Political: Had William Wallace, Scottish patriot, killed (acc. to legend). ⁶

• Political: In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham, 1265. ^{1 6}

Edward married Eleanora of Castile Condessa de Ponthieu,^{3 5 6 53 83 98 128 129 131 134} daughter of Ferdinand III King of Castile & Léon and Joan de Dammartin, on 18 Oct 1254 in Abbey Deleware Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile.^{1 3 5 22 23 59 98 131 132 133 134} Eleanora was born in 1240 in Burgos, Castile, Spain,^{1 3 5 6 22 98 128 129 130 148} died on 29 Nov 1290 in Herdeby (Near Grantham), Lincolnshire, England ^{3 5 6 22 62 98 125 128 129 130 134} at age 50, and was buried on 16 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6}

Noted events in her life were:

• Political: Fled to France in immediate aftermath of Lewes with daughter Eleanor. ^{6 89}

• Title: Princess of Castile & León, Countess of Ponthieu. ^{3 6 134}

• Title: Queen of England, 19 Aug 1274, Westminster Abbey, London, England.

Children from this marriage were:

   77 F    i. Infant Plantagenet was born in 1255 in Bordeaux, France. The cause of her death was Stillborn.

   78 F    ii. Katherine Plantagenet was born on 17 Jun 1264, died on 5 Sep 1264, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

   79 F    iii. Eleanor Plantagenet was born on 17 Jun 1264 and died on 12 Oct 1297 at age 33.

   80 F    iv. Joan Plantagenet was born in Jan 1265 and was buried in bef 7 Sept 1265.

   81 M    v. John Plantagenet was born on 13 Jul 1266, died on 3 Aug 1271 in Wallingford at age 5, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

   82 M    vi. Henry Plantagenet was born before 6 May 1268 and died on 16 Oct 1274.

+ 83 F    vii. Joan "of Acre" Countess Of Gloucester ^{1 3 5 6 66 127 128 131 132 133 134 149 150} was born in May 1271 in Acre, Palestine,^{1 5 6 128} died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Suffolk, England ^{1 5 6 128} at age 35, and was buried on 28 Apr 1307 in Priory Church of the Austin Friars, Clare.⁶

   84 F    viii. Juliana Plantagenet was born in May 1271 in Palestine and died before Sep 1271. Another name for Juliana was Katherine.

   85 M    ix. Alphonso Earl of Chester was born on 24 Nov 1273 and died on 19 Aug 1284 in Westminster Abbey, London, England at age 10.

   86 F    x. Margaret Plantagenet was born on 15 Mar 1275 and died after 1333.

   87 F    xi. Berengaria Plantagenet was born on 1 May 1276, died before 27 Jun 1278, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.

   88 F    xii. Elizabeth Plantagenet was born in Jan 1278. The cause of her death was Died shortly after birth.

   89 F    xiii. Alice Plantagenet was born in Jan 1278. The cause of her death was Died shortly after birth.

   90 F    xiv. Mary Plantagenet was born on 11 Mar 1279 and died on 29 May 1332 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England at age 53.

   91 F    xv. Elizabeth Plantagenet ^{1 3 5 6 125 127 129 134 151 152} was born on 7 Aug 1282 in Rhuddlan Castle, Rhuddlan, Flintshire, Wales,^{1 3 5 6 125 129 151} died on 5 May 1316 in Quendon, Essex, England ^{1 3 5 6 129 151} at age 33, and was buried on 23 May 1316 in Walden Abbey, Essex.^{3 6 151}

+ 92 M    xvi. Edward Plantagenet II, King of England was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Carnarvon, Carnarvonshire, died on 21 Sep 1327 in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire at age 43, and was buried in St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester.

   93 F    xvii. Beatrice Plantagenet was born circa 1286.

   94 F   xviii. Blanche Plantagenet was born in 1290.

Edward next married Margaret of France about 1265.^{1 3 59 135}

Children from this marriage were:

   95 M    i. Thomas Plantagenet was born in 1300 and died in 1338 at age 38.

   96 M    ii. Edmund Plantagenet was born in 1301 and died in 1330 at age 29.

   97 F    iii. Eleanor Plantagenet was born in 1306 and died in 1311 at age 5.

64. Edmund Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster ^{3 5 6 54 98 136 137 138 139} (Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England,^{5 6 98 138 140} died in 1296 in Bayonne, France ^{5 6 98 125 138 140} at age 51, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.⁶ Another name for Edmund was Edmund Crouchback Earl of Leicester.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

In 1253 he was invested by the Pope in the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia, at about this time he was also made Earl of Chester. These were of little value as the real King of Sicily was still living and the Earldom of Chester was transfered to his elder brother Edward. He soon obtained, however, both possessions and dignities, for upon the forfeiture of Simon de Montfort by the King of the Earldom of Leicester and also the honour of the Stewardship of England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave.

REF: Sharon Kay Penman, "The Reckoning": Split with his brother Edward over the latter's decision, after he took Nazareth (1271-1272), to allow his men to kill the Arab townsfolk, in reprisal for the Arabs' massacre of Christians at Jaffa & Antioch.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Made Earl of Chester, Abt 1253. ⁶

• Political: Obtained Stewardship of England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave. ⁶

• Political: Invested by the Pope in the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia, 1253. ⁶

• Title: 1st Earl of Lancaster & High Steward of England, 26 Oct 1265. ^{3 6 98 138}

• Assension: His father Henry III invested him with earldom of Leicester, 26 Oct 1265. ^{6 89 102}

Edmund married Aveline de Forz Countess of Albemarle in 1269.

Edmund next married Blanche Capet of Artois Regent of Navarre,⁵⁴ daughter of Robert "The Good" Capet I, Comte de Artois and Matilda of Brabant, on 3 Feb 1296 in Paris, France.¹⁴⁰ Blanche died on 2 May 1300.¹¹⁶

Children from this marriage were:

+ 98 M    i. Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Lancaster ⁵⁴ was born in 1281 ¹⁵³ and died on 25 Mar 1345 ¹⁵³ at age 64.

   99 M    ii. Thomas Plantagenet 2nd Earl of Lancaster .

   100 M    iii. John Plantagenet Lord of Beaufort .

   101 F    iv. Mary Plantagenet .

65. Princess Margaret Plantagenet (Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1240 and died in 1275 at age 35.

Margaret married Alexander III King of Scotland, son of Alexander II King of Scotland and Marie de Coucy, on 26 Dec 1251. Alexander was born on 4 Sep 1241 and died on 19 Mar 1286 at age 44.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 54)

68. Emmeline Longespée ^{2 3 5 64 79 108 142} (Stephen Longespée Earl of Ulster⁴⁷, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1250 in Ulster, Ireland & Sutton, Northamptonshire ^{5 64 142} and died in 1291 ^{5 64 142} at age 41.

Emmeline married Sir Maurice FitzMaurice Baron Offaly,^{1 5 6 108 142} son of Sir Maurice FitzGerald Justicular, 2nd Baron of Offaly and Juliane de Cogan, about 1266 in Ireland.^{2 5 64 108 142} Maurice was born Btw 1238 and 1250 in Wexford, Ireland ⁶ and died in 1286 in Ross, Ireland ^{2 5 6 142} at age 48.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 102 F    i. Juliane FitzMaurice FitzGerald of Offaly ^{2 5 6 108 142} was born Btw 1249 and 1266 in Dublin, Ireland ^{5 6 108} and died Btw 1300 and 1309 ⁶ at age 51.

69. Beatrix de Beauchamp ^{64 145} (Ida Longespée⁴⁸, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1238 in Essex, England ⁶⁴ and died in 1280 ^{5 64} at age 42.

General Notes: Co-Heir With Sisters Of The Barony Of Bedford.

Beatrix married Thomas FitzOtho.^{5 64 5 145 146} Thomas was born in 1231 ^{5 64} and died before 28 Mar 1274 in Mendlesham, Suffolk.^{5 64 145}

The child from this marriage was:

+ 103 F    i. Matilda FitzThomas ^{5 64 145} died after 28 May 1329.^{5 64 145}

70. Lord Robert FitzWalter ^{2 64} (Ida Longespée⁴⁸, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1247 ^{2 64} and died Btw 1325 and 1326 ^{2 64} at age 78.

Robert married Devorguilla de Burgh,^{2 3 6 154} daughter of Sir John de Burgh II, Baron Lanville and Cecilia de Baliol.^{2 6} Devorguilla was born about 1251 ⁶ and died in 1284 ^{2 6} about age 33.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 104 M    i. Robert FitzWalter II .⁶⁴

72. John de Lacy 1st Earl of Lincoln, Baron of Holton ^{2 3 6 94} (Matilda de Clare Countess of Gloucester⁵⁵, Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester³⁶, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1192 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England,⁶ died on 22 Jul 1240 in Stanlaw, Chester, England ^{2 6} at age 48, and was buried in Stanlow Abbey (then Whalley).⁶

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Lord of Pontefract and Blackburnshire. ⁶

• Political: Magna Charta surety.

John married Margaret de Quincy,^{2 6} daughter of Robert de Quincy and Hawise le Meschines Countess of Lincoln, on 21 Jun 1221.^{2 6 108} Margaret was born in 1208 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England ⁶ and died in 1258 in Clerkenwell, England Or Hampstead, England ⁶ at age 50.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 105 F    i. Maude de Lacy Countess of Lincoln ^{5 6 94 108 144} was born in 1223 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England ^{5 6 108} and died on 10 Mar 1288 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England ^{2 5 6 94} at age 65.

73. Richard de Clare 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester ^{5 6 108 144 147} (Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester⁵⁶, Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester³⁶, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 4 Aug 1222 in Mellent, Gloucester, England ^{5 6 94 108} and died on 15 Jul 1262 in Ashenfield, Canterbury, Kent ^{2 5 6 94} at age 39. The cause of his death was Possibly poisoned by Peter de Savoy, a friend of Simon de Montfort. Another name for Richard was Richard De Clare Earl of Clare.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

Source: A Baronial Family in Medievil England: The Clares, 1217-1314, Michael Altschul, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1965.

From same, p 92: "On July 15, 1262, the day after the king sailed to France, Earl Richard de Clare died. Two weeks later he was buried at Tewkesbury Abbey. The earl had not played a conspicuous role in the baronial movement since the settlement of 1261; he had been in ill health for some months before his death, and rumors circulated that he had been poisoned. [Footnote by Altschul: "E.g., Dunstable, p. 219' *Annales Cambriae*, pp. 99-100, where "Gilbert" is wrongly given for "Richard." These chronicles have probably confused the earl's natural death with the alleged poison plot of 1258."]" [Was Richard maybe poisoned at the instigation of Simon de Montfort or some of his allies?] Henry had settled with the rebellious barons in 1261 (p 92). Richard de Clare had at first sided with the barons in the antiroyalist movement which began in the summer of 1258 or thereabouts (p 82-87), but appears to have withdrawn support shortly after December 1258 (p 87).

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 2nd Earl of Gloucester, Lord of Usk, Kilkenny. ⁶

• Title: 6 th Earl Of Hertford.

• Political: Founded Clare Priory, the first house of Austin Friars in England, 1248. ⁶

• Political: At first sided with the barons in the antiroyalist movement, summer of 1258. ⁶

Richard married Maude de Lacy Countess of Lincoln,^{5 6 94 108 144} daughter of John de Lacy 1st Earl of Lincoln, Baron of Holton and Margaret de Quincy, on 2 Feb 1238.^{2 5 6 108 147} Maude was born in 1223 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England ^{5 6 108} and died on 10 Mar 1288 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England ^{2 5 6 94} at age 65.

Noted events in her life were:

• Land: Granted several tracts of land to Clare priory aft husband Richard's death. ⁶

• Parenting: Promoted careers of her children. ⁶

• Religion: Gifts to religious houses were numerous. ⁶

• Fact: Re-founded the Augustinian priory of Canonsleigh. in Devon., 1284. ⁶

• Religion: Gave £200 annually to support an abbess & 40 canonesses at Canonsleigh., 1284. ⁶

• Fact: The new nunnery was in existence, 1286. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

+ 106 M    i. Gilbert "The Red" de Clare 7th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Gloucester ^{2 5 6 128 131} was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England ^{1 5 6 128} and died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, England ^{5 6 128 155} at age 52.

+ 107 M    ii. Sir Thomas de Clare Lord Thomond ^{5 6 108} was born Btw 1244 and 1247 in Thomond, Connaught, Ireland ^{5 6 108} and died on 29 Aug 1287 in Clare, Ireland ^{5 6 108} at age 42.

  Eighth Generation  

74. Blanche Capet of Artois Regent of Navarre ⁵⁴ (Robert "The Good" Capet I, Comte de Artois⁵⁷, Louis VIII "The Lion" King of France³⁷, Philippe II Capet Augustus King of France²³, Adele de Champagne¹⁴, Theobald II "Le Grand" Comte de Blois⁷, Adela de Normandy², William King of England¹) died on 2 May 1300.¹¹⁶

Blanche married Edmund Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster,^{3 5 6 54 98 136 137 138 139} son of Henry III King of England and Eleanor de Provence, on 3 Feb 1296 in Paris, France.¹⁴⁰ Edmund was born on 16 Jan 1245 in London, England,^{5 6 98 138 140} died in 1296 in Bayonne, France ^{5 6 98 125 138 140} at age 51, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, London, England.⁶ Another name for Edmund was Edmund Crouchback Earl of Leicester.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: Made Earl of Chester, Abt 1253. ⁶

• Political: Obtained Stewardship of England and the lands of Nicolas de Segrave. ⁶

• Political: Invested by the Pope in the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia, 1253. ⁶

• Title: 1st Earl of Lancaster & High Steward of England, 26 Oct 1265. ^{3 6 98 138}

• Assension: His father Henry III invested him with earldom of Leicester, 26 Oct 1265. ^{6 89 102}

(Duplicate Line. See Person 64)

75. Eleanora of Castile Condessa de Ponthieu ^{3 5 6 53 83 98 128 129 131 134} (Ferdinand III King of Castile & Léon⁶¹, Berenguela of Castile⁴⁰, Princess Eleanor Plantagenet³⁰, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1240 in Burgos, Castile, Spain,^{1 3 5 6 22 98 128 129 130 148} died on 29 Nov 1290 in Herdeby (Near Grantham), Lincolnshire, England ^{3 5 6 22 62 98 125 128 129 130 134} at age 50, and was buried on 16 Dec 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6}

Noted events in her life were:

• Political: Fled to France in immediate aftermath of Lewes with daughter Eleanor. ^{6 89}

• Title: Princess of Castile & León, Countess of Ponthieu. ^{3 6 134}

• Title: Queen of England, 19 Aug 1274, Westminster Abbey, London, England.

Eleanora married Edward I "Longshanks" King of England,^{1 3 5 6 23 55 98 127 128 129 130 131} son of Henry III King of England and Eleanor de Provence, on 18 Oct 1254 in Abbey Deleware Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castile.^{1 3 5 22 23 59 98 131 132 133 134} Edward was born on 17 Jun 1239 in Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England,^{1 3 5 6 22 23 98 128 129} died on 7 Jul 1307 in Burgh-On-The-Sands, Near Carlisle, Cumberland, England ^{1 3 5 6 22 23 98 125 128 129 130} at age 68, and was buried on 28 Oct 1307 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 6 23} The cause of his death was Dysentery. Another name for Edward was Edward Plantagenet.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: King of England, 1272-1307. ^{1 6 23}

• Political: Noted for encouraging Parliamentary institutions at the expence of feudalism. ^{1 6}

• Political: Subdued Wales on which he imposed the English system of administration. ^{1 6}

• Political: Tried to assert his authority over Scotland. ^{1 6}

• Death: Died while on his way to fight Robert the Bruce. ^{1 6}

• Political: Had William Wallace, Scottish patriot, killed (acc. to legend). ⁶

• Political: In the Barons war 1264-67 he defeated the Barons at Evesham, 1265. ^{1 6}

(Duplicate Line. See Person 63)

76. Joan de Cornwall ^{1 5 6} (Sir Richard de Cornwall⁶², Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou⁴³, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) died after 1347.^{5 6}

Joan married John Howard,^{5 64} son of William Howard and Gilla de Terrington, in 1307.^{1 5 120} John was born before 1300 ^{5 64} and died before 28 Apr 1340.^{1 5 64}

Noted events in his life were:

• Political: Sherrif of Essex, 3 Oct 1317, Wiggenhall & East Winchester.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 108 M    i. John Howard Sheriff of Norfolk ^{5 6} was born in 1310 ^{6 156} and died in 1388 ^{6 156} at age 78.

83. Joan "of Acre" Countess Of Gloucester ^{1 3 5 6 66 127 128 131 132 133 134 149 150} (Edward I "Longshanks" King of England⁶³, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in May 1271 in Acre, Palestine,^{1 5 6 128} died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Suffolk, England ^{1 5 6 128} at age 35, and was buried on 28 Apr 1307 in Priory Church of the Austin Friars, Clare.⁶ Another name for Joan was Joan Of Acre Plantagenet.

General Notes: Sole Mistress Of Estates Of Her Son Gilbert During His Minority.

[G675.ged]

Joan of Acre died in April, 1307, but during her tenure of the inheritance of Gloucester important modifications were introduced in its administrative structure. After Isabella de Fortibus, dowager countess of Devon and Aumale (1262-93), Countess Joan stands as perhaps the best example in thirteenth century English history of the ability of a widow to run the estates and otherwise manage the complex affairs of a great comital house."

--- Michael Altschul, *A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314*, Baltimore MD (Johns Hopkins Press) 1965. p 38-39.

Research Notes: Sole Mistress Of Estates Of Her Son Gilbert During His Minority.

Noted events in her life were:

• Title: ^{1 6}

• Political: One of greatest examples in 13th century England of ability of women to govern. ⁶

• Personality: She controlled them with marked ability. ⁶

• Political: She introduced important modifications to administration of the estate. ⁶

Joan married Gilbert "The Red" de Clare 7th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Gloucester,^{2 5 6 128 131} son of Richard de Clare 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Maude de Lacy Countess of Lincoln, on 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 5 6 131 132 133 150} Gilbert was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England ^{1 5 6 128} and died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, England ^{5 6 128 155} at age 52.

Noted events in his life were:

• Knighthood: Knighted By Simon DE Montfort On The Eve Of The Battle Of Lewes.

• Political: Last years were spent under the shadow of Edward I & dispirited humiliation. ⁶

• Political: The most powerful magnate of the realm from the last yrs of Henry III. ⁶

• Political: baronial opposition to Henry III. ⁶

• Land: the great Clare estates & lordships in England, Ireland & Wales. ⁶

• Title: 3rd Earl of Gloucester, 7th Earl of Hertford, Lord of Cearleon, 1263. ^{1 6 128}

• Religion: Ordered the Jewish pogrom at Canterbury after the London riots, After 9 Apr 1264. ^{6 89}

• Military: Had center column command for Montfort, 14 May 1264, Lewes. ^{6 89}

Children from this marriage were:

   109 F    i. Margaret de Clare ^{1 6 127 128 131 132 157} was born in Oct 1292 in Caerphilly Castle ^{1 6 158 159} and died on 13 Apr 1342 ^{1 6 158 159} at age 49.

Noted events in her life were:

• Land: They split the lands, worth some £6, 000 gross, between them. ⁶

• Occupation: Damsel of the Chamber to Queen Philippa. ^{6 159}

+ 110 F    ii. Eleanor de Clare Countess of Gloucester ^{1 6 127 133 150 160} was born on 12 Oct 1292 in Caerphilly Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales ^{1 6 160} and died on 30 Jun 1337 ^{6 160} at age 44.

Joan next married Ralph Earl of Gloucester ^{1 64} in Jan 1297.^{1 5 6 149} Ralph died in 1325.^{1 64 162} Another name for Ralph was Ralph De Monthermer Earl of Hertford.

Noted events in his life were:

• Land: After Joan's death, his rights to the estates and titles lapsed. ⁶⁴

• Fact: Children with Joan were excluded from the inheritance. ⁶⁴

• Title: 1st Lord Monthermer. ^{64 149}

The child from this marriage was:

   111 M    i. Thomas De Monthermer Lord Monthermer ^{1 64 149} was born in 1301 ^{1 64} and died in 1340 in Battle Sluys ^{1 64} at age 39. The cause of his death was Killed in battle.

92. Edward Plantagenet II, King of England (Edward I "Longshanks" King of England⁶³, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 25 Apr 1284 in Carnarvon, Carnarvonshire, died on 21 Sep 1327 in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire at age 43, and was buried in St Peter's Abbey, Gloucester. The cause of his death was Put to death.

Edward married Isabella of France on 25 Jan 1307-1308 in France. Isabella was born circa 1295 and died on 22 Aug 1358 at age 63.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 112 M    i. Edward III Plantagenet King of England was born on 13 Nov 1312 and died on 21 Jun 1377 at age 64.

   113 M    ii. John Plantagenet Earl of Cornwall was born in 1316 in Eltham, Kent and died in 1336 at age 20.

   114 F    iii. Joanna Plantagenet was born in 1321 and died in 1362 at age 41.

Joanna married David II King of Scotland.

   115 F    iv. Isabella Plantagenet .

98. Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Lancaster ⁵⁴ (Edmund Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster⁶⁴, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1281 ¹⁵³ and died on 25 Mar 1345 ¹⁵³ at age 64.

Henry married Maud Chaworth Comtesse of Lancaster & Comteess of Leicester,^{54 153} daughter of Sir Patrick de Chaworth and Lady Isabella de Beauchamp. Maud was born in 1282 ¹⁶³ and died in 1322 ¹⁶³ at age 40.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 116 F    i. Eleanor Plantagenet ^{54 164} was born about 1315 in Arundel, West Sussex, England and died on 11 Jan 1372 ¹⁶⁴ about age 57.

+ 117 M    ii. Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke of Lancaster was born circa 1306 and died on 24 Mar 1361 at age 55.

102. Juliane FitzMaurice FitzGerald of Offaly ^{2 5 6 108 142} (Emmeline Longespée⁶⁸, Stephen Longespée Earl of Ulster⁴⁷, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born Btw 1249 and 1266 in Dublin, Ireland ^{5 6 108} and died Btw 1300 and 1309 ⁶ at age 51. Another name for Juliane was Juliane FitzMaurice Fitzgerald Of Offaly.

Juliane married Sir Thomas de Clare Lord Thomond,^{5 6 108} son of Richard de Clare 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester and Maude de Lacy Countess of Lincoln, in 1275 in Essex, England.^{2 5 64 108 142} Thomas was born Btw 1244 and 1247 in Thomond, Connaught, Ireland ^{5 6 108} and died on 29 Aug 1287 in Clare, Ireland ^{5 6 108} at age 42.

Noted events in his life were:

• Military: Conquered lordship of Thomond (modern county Clare). ⁶

• Personality: Established himself as one of the great Anglo-Irish magnates by late 13th century. ⁶

• Political: Governor of the City of London, Steward of Waltharn. ⁶

• Political: One of most important members of lesser baronage during Edward I's reign. ⁶

• Military: Fought with brother Gilbert for rebels, 14 May 1264, Lewes. ^{6 89}

• Knighthood: Knighted by Simon de Montfort on the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264. ^{6 89}

• Military: Followed brother Gilbert's lead & deserted Montfort for Prince Edward, May 1265. ^{6 89}

• Title: Lord Inchequin, 1276.

Children from this marriage were:

   118 F    i. Maud de Clare ^{5 64} was born Btw 1276 and 1279 in England ^{5 64} and died on 1 Feb 1325 in England ^{5 64} at age 48.

+ 119 F    ii. Margaret de Clare ^{5 6} was born Btw 1280 and 1286 in Thomond, Connaught, Co Clare, Ireland,^{6 165} died Btw 1333 and 1335 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent ^{5 6} at age 53, and was buried in Imprisoned In The Tower After Her Husband Bartholomew Deleware Badlesmere's Execution.⁶

103. Matilda FitzThomas ^{5 64 145} (Beatrix de Beauchamp⁶⁹, Ida Longespée⁴⁸, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) died after 28 May 1329.^{5 64 145} Another name for Matilda was Matilda FitzOtho, FitzOtes, FitzOtto.

Matilda married Lord Mendlesham John de Botetourt ^{1 3 5 64 135 166} about Jun 1292.^{5 6 145} John was born about 1265 ^{1 64} and died on 25 Nov 1324 ^{5 64 145} about age 59.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 1st Lord Mendlesham, Admiral, Governor of Famlingham Castle, 1304. ^{64 145}

• Political: Member of Parliament, 1305-1324. ^{64 145}

Children from this marriage were:

+ 120 F    i. Johanna de Botetourt .⁶⁴

   121 M    ii. Sir Otho de Botetourt ^{5 64 167} was born in Mendelsham, Suffolk ^{64 167} and died in 1345 in Hamerton, Huntingdon, England.^{5 64 167}

104. Robert FitzWalter II ⁶⁴ (Lord Robert FitzWalter⁷⁰, Ida Longespée⁴⁸, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹).

Robert married Johanna de Botetourt,⁶⁴ daughter of Lord Mendlesham John de Botetourt and Matilda FitzThomas.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 122 M    i. Lord John FitzWalter Baron of Little Dunmow ^{64 168} was born in Dunmow, Essex, England.

105. Maude de Lacy Countess of Lincoln ^{5 6 94 108 144} (John de Lacy 1st Earl of Lincoln, Baron of Holton⁷², Matilda de Clare Countess of Gloucester⁵⁵, Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester³⁶, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1223 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England ^{5 6 108} and died on 10 Mar 1288 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England ^{2 5 6 94} at age 65.

General Notes: Heavy Contributor Toward Ecclesiastical Foundations.

[G675.ged]

Maud de Lacy, widow of Richard, earl of Gloucester, outlived her husband by more than a quarter of a century, dying in March 1289. From 1262 until her death she held one-third of the Clare inheritance in dower, although her son Earl Gilbert the Red did successfully challenge the original composition of her dower portion, which was readjusted in 1267. Maud did not remarry, preferring to spend her long widowhood living off the revenues of her estates, contributing handsomely to ecclesiastical foundations, and helping to promote her children. Her activities on behalf of her daughters Margaret and Rohese have been noted [see note under her husband Richard], and she also attempted, with less success, to present her son Bogo to the church of Adlingfleet in Yorkshire. Her gifts to religious houses were numerous. In 1248 Earl Richard founded Clare Priory, the first house of Austin Friars in England, and after his death the countess continued his generosity with several grants of land to the priory. In addition, a scheme to found an Augustinian nunnery attracted her. In 1284 she refounded the priory of Canonsleigh in Devon. Canonsleigh was originally established for seven Augustinian canons by Walter de Clavill, a mesne tenant of the honor of Gloucester, but in 1284 Maud provided an annual gift of L200 for the support of an abbess and 40 canonesses of that order. She had originally had the idea of doing this for Sandleford Priory in Berkshire, but for some reason the plan fell through in 1274, and a decade later she refounded Canonsleigh instead. By 1286 the new nunnery was in existence, and the dispossessed canons were under royal protection."
--- Michael Altschul, *A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314*, Baltimore MD (Johns Hopkins Press) 1965. p 36-37

Noted events in her life were:

• Land: Granted several tracts of land to Clare priory aft husband Richard's death. ⁶

• Parenting: Promoted careers of her children. ⁶

• Religion: Gifts to religious houses were numerous. ⁶

• Fact: Re-founded the Augustinian priory of Canonsleigh. in Devon., 1284. ⁶

• Religion: Gave £200 annually to support an abbess & 40 canonesses at Canonsleigh., 1284. ⁶

• Fact: The new nunnery was in existence, 1286. ⁶

Maude married Richard de Clare 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester,^{5 6 108 144 147} son of Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester and Isabella Marshal Countess of Pembroke, on 2 Feb 1238.^{2 5 6 108 147} Richard was born on 4 Aug 1222 in Mellent, Gloucester, England ^{5 6 94 108} and died on 15 Jul 1262 in Ashenfield, Canterbury, Kent ^{2 5 6 94} at age 39. The cause of his death was Possibly poisoned by Peter de Savoy, a friend of Simon de Montfort. Another name for Richard was Richard De Clare Earl of Clare.

Noted events in his life were:

• Title: 2nd Earl of Gloucester, Lord of Usk, Kilkenny. ⁶

• Title: 6 th Earl Of Hertford.

• Political: Founded Clare Priory, the first house of Austin Friars in England, 1248. ⁶

• Political: At first sided with the barons in the antiroyalist movement, summer of 1258. ⁶

(Duplicate Line. See Person 73)

106. Gilbert "The Red" de Clare 7th Earl of Hertford, 3rd Earl of Gloucester ^{2 5 6 128 131} (Richard de Clare 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester⁷³, Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester⁵⁶, Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester³⁶, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 2 Sep 1243 in Christchurch, Hampshire, England ^{1 5 6 128} and died on 7 Dec 1295 in Monmouth Castle, England ^{5 6 128 155} at age 52.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

Source: A Baronial Family in Medievil England: The Clares, 1217-1314, Michael Altschul, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1965. p 94: "Gilbert de Clare, the "Red Earl" of Gloucester and Hertford, was after Simon de Montfort the single most important figure in the later stages of the baronial opposition to Henry III. From his father Earl Richard he inherited not only the great Clare estates and lordships in England, Wales, and Ireland, but also a position of leadership among the magnates of the realm; and he was destined to play an even more decisive role in the civil wars which determined the fate of the struggle between king and baronage than his father had played in the initial stages of the movement for reform." From same p 104, 107-108: "The victory at Lewes [over Henry III, 14 May 1264] marked the high point of Simon de Montfort's fortunes. Ominously, a number of Simon's supporters deserted him, including the Earl of Gloucester. (P) Gilbert's defection proved the decisive factor in the situation. The chroniclers record a long list of grievances, and the chancery records bear at least some of them out. He had become increasingly dissatisfied with Simon's regime and reproached the earl for his supposed autocratic rule. He was jealous of the position the earl's sons held in the government. He quarreled with Simon over the control of royalist castles and manors, and the exchange of prisoners. He objected to the use of foreign knights in important castles and the failure to expel all the aliens from court. His support for Simon had not been unqualified, as the letter written in the winter of 1263-64 had shown. A combination of grievances thus drove him into opposition." From same, p 108-110: "Simon [de Montfort] took [Lord] Edward and Henry [III] with him to the west, and encamped at Hereford until May 24 [1265]. Attempted negotiations proved fruitless, for Gilbert had already worked out a plan with Edward and Roger Mortimer which would seal Simon's fate. On May 28, with the assistance of Thomas de Clare, Earl Gilbert's younger brother, Edward managed an escape. He joined forces with [Roger] Mortimer at Wigmore, and the next day Gilbert joined them in Ludlow. Wykes, perhaps the best informed chronicler of this period, records an important set of cnditions that Earl Gilbert demanded as the price of his support. The earl made Edward swear a solemn oath that, if victorious, he would cause the "good old laws" of the realm to be observed' evil customs would be abolished, aliens banished from the king's council and administration; and the king would rule with the counsel of his faithful subjects. If Wykes' account of the oath is substantially correct, it clearly shows that Gilbert remained firmly attracted to the principles of the Provisions [of Oxford (1258) and Westminster (1259), granted to the barons by Henry III but not much adhered to], however vaguely envisioned and conventionally expressed, and to the xenophobia which the movement engendered. If he withdrew his support from Simon, it was not because he was willing, like his father Earl Richard in 1260, to repudiate the Provisions, but because he felt that Simon did not distinguish between the baronial ideals and his personal ambition. The cause of reform, in short, was not the exclusive prerogative of the earl of Leicester. (P) The military operations are quickly told. Under the leadership of Edward and Earl Gilbert, the royalists gathered at Gloucester, cutting off Simon's retreat across the Severn at that point. Boldly making his way into the march, Simon renewed his alliance with Llywelyn in the middle of June. He then went through Monmouth to the borough of Newport in the Clare lordship of Gwynllwg and attempted to cross over to Bristol, but this plan was foiled when Earl Gilbert destroyed the convoy sent for that purpose. Simon managed to return to Hereford, and tried to join forces with an army led by his son. Edward and Gilbert, however, surprised the younger Simon at Kenilworth in Warwick on August 1, routed his forces, and immediately doubled back to intercept Earl Simon. The earl reached the Worcester manor of Evesham on August 3, but was surrounded by the royalists. The next day battle [of Evesham] was joined. As Simon advanced on a troop led by Roger Mortimer, Earl Gilbert, who commanded the second line, suddenly attacked from the rear. The outcome was less a battle than a slaughter. The only important marcher who fought with Simon, Humphrey de Bohun the younger, was captured and imprisoned at Beeston castle in Cheshire, where he died on October 27. Two other men with marcher affiliations, Henry de Hastings and John fitz John, were also imprisoned. Otherwise the royalists showed no mercy. Simon de Montfort, his son Henry, his loyal friend Peter de Montfort the elder, the justiciar Hugh Despenser and many others were slain. King Henry himself was rescued by Roger Leyburn. The Montfortian experiment was ended. (P) The death of Simon de Montfort did not produce peace. The ferocity with which the royalists had crushed their enemies carried over into a period of widespread seizures of rebel lands and indiscriminate plundering which produced further turmoil and unrest. In addition, the territorial policy adopted by the restored royal government provoked those supporters of Earl Simon still at large into guerilla operations which turned into full-scale warfare and prevented a final pacification of the kingdom until the end of 1267. In this period the actions of Gilbert de Clare again proved decisive. His support for the disinherited rebels was a major factor in the establishment of internal order following the two years of continued civil strife which constituted the aftermath of the battle of Evesham." From same, p 120-121: "The most striking feature of Gilbert de Clare's role in the later stages of the baronial movement is its consistency. The Red Earl's shifting allegiance was a sign not of vaillation but of independence. He was the moderating force against the extremes of both the royalist and the Montfortian sides. He was attracted to the baronial movement as a whole, but even more than his father Earl Richard, he drew the crucial distinction between its policies and the great earl whose name is inseparably associated with the movement. Earl Gilbert was not convinced that Simon de Montfort's actions were always and indisputably right, and he withdrew his support when he felt that Simon's regime was no better in its way than King Henry's had been. His adherence to the royalists, however, was no less qualified. When two years of continued resistance to the restored government of Henry III produced further social and political unrest, Earl Gilbert's rising proved the decisive factor in restoring unity and tranquillity to the realm. Unlike Earl Richard, Gilbert had not accepted Henry's repudiation of the principles which underlay the Provisions of Oxford and Westminster. His activities, while strongly colored by personal animosities and conditioned by personal interests, nevertheless reveal a continuity of purpose which did much in helping to incorporate those principles into the fabric of the common law and the conduct of monarchy. From same, p 155-156: "On December 7 [1295] he [Gilbert] died at Edmund of Lancaster's castle of Monmouth, and was buried two weeks later at Tewkesbury Abbey. Most of the chroniclers merely noted his death without further comment, although an interpolation in the chronicle of Walter of Guisborough refers, in rather conventional fashion, to the earl's military prowess and staunch defense of his rights. The Red Earl's last years were spent under the shadow of Edward I's domination, and his stormy career ended in dispirited humiliation. Perhaps the soundest judgment is that contained in the otherwise undistinguished Osnay chronicle. In referring to the earl's marriage to Joan of Acre in 1290, the chronicler calls Gilbert the greatest of the magnates of the realm in nobility and eminence, and incomparably the most powerful man in the kingdom -- next to the king. Later events proved that the chronicler's qualification was more significant than he could have realized at the time." From same, p 41-42: "Taken as a whole, the Clare family represents what might be termed one of the most successful joint enterprises in medieval English history. More than two centuries of steady territorial growth raised the family to a position of pre-eminence in the ranks of the higher nobility. The major factors in this development in the twelfth century were undoubtedly royal favor and shrewdly chosen marriages. The Clares prospered from their intimate connections with successive rulers of England, and the male members of the house were rewarded with a series of important fiefs and well-placed ladies. The power and prestige of the family reached their highest level in the thirteenth century and the fortunes of its members help illuminate almost every aspect of the social and political life of the English baronage in this period."

REF: "Falls the Shadow" Sharon Kay Penman: May 1263 the young Earl of Gloucester led an Army west & captured the Bishop of Hereford, the most hated of the foreign advisors to Henry III then left after the expulsion of the de Lusignans. He threw the Bishop into prison, laid siege to the royal castle at Gloucester, where de Montfort assumed command. The army then went north to Bridgenorth, where they coordinated their attack with Llywelyn ap Gruffydd; the twon & castle surrendered. de Montfort then headed south for London, where a panicked Henry took refuge in the Tower. On April 5 1264 the defeat at Northampton by Prince Edward of Simon de Montfort's forces crippled Simon's forces. Northampton defenses had been allowed to decay in the years previous to de Montfort's occupation there, plus the battle was lost due to the treachery of the Prior at St. Andrew's. After the defeat, Edward allowed his army to have their sport on the town, culminating in utter destruction, rapine, murder, etc. of its inhabitants. Some 80 barons & knights were taken prisoner & the rebel army was gutted. The defeat touched off a riot in London on Apr 9, 1264 in which hundreds, mainly Jews, were slain. Sir Hugh le Despenser, Simon's Justicialar & Thomas FitzThomas, Mayor of London, attempted to control the crowds & saved some lives by offering sanctuary in the Tower. FitzThomas then begged Simon to return to London to quell the Londoners' fear. In May 1264 Edward looted lands of Robert de Ferrers, the Earl of Derby, after he lost Tutbury Castle, Derby defected from Simon's support. King Henry meanwhile took Leicester & Nottingham. Simon & Gilbert de Clare attacked Rochester Castle (which surrendered) & besieged the town when Edward approached London so Simon went back to defend it. King Henry & Edward were practicing fierce cruelty by chopping off the nads & feet of all common soldiers captured from de Montfort's army. The Cinque Ports & Dover Castle held fast for Simon, & did not obey Henry & Edward's command for a naval force to attack London. Thwarted, Edward took Gilbert de Clare's Tonbridge Castle. Simon continued to hold London, but is surrounded by Edward & Henry. Gilbert lets his men loose on the Canterbury Jews using as a weak (& unproven) excuse that they were in league with the King. de Clare had a fairly long histroy of intense hatred for Jews. On the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264, after Henry had refused the entreaty of the Bishops of London & Worcester (Walter de Cabntelou) to negotiate, de Clare followed Simon de Montfort's lead & formally renounced all allegiance to King Henry. With Robert de Vere, the Earl of Oxford, de Clare had the most to lose of any of the rebel supporters. In late July, he joined forces with Montfort & Llywelyn ap Gruffydd & put down a rebellion of the Welsh Marcher Lords, including Roger de Mortimer. In October 1264 he was excommunicated by Papal edict along with other Montfort supporters & Simon himself; however, the sentecne of anathema was not practiced by the English Church. Clare had an extremely prickly sense of pride, & held a mixture of rancor toward Montfort's sons & jealosy of Montfort himself, both of his acclaim & his personal popularity with the people. Clare also could have split because of his intense anti-Jewish sentiment & Montfort's refusal to condone pogroms, etc. In November 1264, Clare had the latest of many quarrels with Montfort's son Bran de Montfort, but this one spilled bad blood for the first time over to Gilbert's brother Thomas de Clare too. Before Nov 1264, Montfort awarded his sons several lucrative appointments; when Clare complained he was brushed off by Montfort. Although after Lewes Clare received the lands of John de Warenne, William de Lusignan & Peter de Savoie, but Montfort rejected his demand for the ransom of Richard of Cornwall (despite the Mise of Lewes proclaiming no ransoms to be paid for prisoners from the battle). Montfort called a Parliament January 1265; at this Parliament Montfort had a very public clash with Clare; Clare withdrew to his estates on the Welsh Marches. Clare was harboring Marcher Lords in violation of the government expulsion edict. Clare was grieved at Montfort's unilateral appointment of his son Amaury as treasurer of York & when in late 1264 Montfort arrested the Earl of Derby & threw him into the Tower of London for wanton lawlessness, extortion & plundering of his neighbors. Many lords, while not feeling sorry for Derby, felt this set a dangerous precedent. Lord paid for political transgressions; not criminal ones. By April/May 1265, Simon & Clare had supposedly patched up a peace again, but Clare was only stalling for time in order to free Prince Edward from the custody of Henry de Montfort & Robert de Ros. Edward had again played his cousin Henry for the fool, gradually getting Henry to trust him & allow him more freedom. While Clare made a visit to King Henry to make a false oath of fealty to the King & Simon's government, he engineered Roger de Mortimer's rescue of Edward from Henry de Montfort to Wigmore castle in May 1265. Gilbert almost goes to war with Roger de Mortimer over the lands of Humphrey de Bohun, who died in captivity soon after Evesham (Aug 4 1265). Gilbert was as uneasy in his new alliance with Edward as he had been formerly with Simon; he simmered until April 1267 he siezed London. He held London for two months until he was able to negotiate an amnesty with Henry. His wife (they shared a mutual hatred for one another) tried to warn her uncle King Henry of Gilbert's intention but he did not believe her until it was too late.

Medical Notes: Fiery red hair, from whence his nickname.

Noted events in his life were:

• Knighthood: Knighted By Simon DE Montfort On The Eve Of The Battle Of Lewes.

• Political: Last years were spent under the shadow of Edward I & dispirited humiliation. ⁶

• Political: The most powerful magnate of the realm from the last yrs of Henry III. ⁶

• Political: baronial opposition to Henry III. ⁶

• Land: the great Clare estates & lordships in England, Ireland & Wales. ⁶

• Title: 3rd Earl of Gloucester, 7th Earl of Hertford, Lord of Cearleon, 1263. ^{1 6 128}

• Religion: Ordered the Jewish pogrom at Canterbury after the London riots, After 9 Apr 1264. ^{6 89}

• Military: Had center column command for Montfort, 14 May 1264, Lewes. ^{6 89}

Gilbert married Joan "of Acre" Countess Of Gloucester,^{1 3 5 6 66 127 128 131 132 133 134 149 150} daughter of Edward I "Longshanks" King of England and Eleanora of Castile Condessa de Ponthieu, on 30 Apr 1290 in Westminster Abbey, London, England.^{1 5 6 131 132 133 150} Joan was born in May 1271 in Acre, Palestine,^{1 5 6 128} died on 23 Apr 1307 in Clare, Suffolk, England ^{1 5 6 128} at age 35, and was buried on 28 Apr 1307 in Priory Church of the Austin Friars, Clare.⁶ Another name for Joan was Joan Of Acre Plantagenet.

Noted events in her life were:

• Title: ^{1 6}

• Political: One of greatest examples in 13th century England of ability of women to govern. ⁶

• Personality: She controlled them with marked ability. ⁶

• Political: She introduced important modifications to administration of the estate. ⁶

(Duplicate Line. See Person 83)

107. Sir Thomas de Clare Lord Thomond ^{5 6 108} (Richard de Clare 6th Earl of Hertford, 2nd Earl of Gloucester⁷³, Gilbert de Clare Earl of Gloucester⁵⁶, Amicia FitzRobert Countess of Gloucester³⁶, William 2nd Earl of Gloucester²¹, Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester¹², Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born Btw 1244 and 1247 in Thomond, Connaught, Ireland ^{5 6 108} and died on 29 Aug 1287 in Clare, Ireland ^{5 6 108} at age 42.

General Notes: [G675.ged]

Source: A Baronial Family in Medievil England: The Clares, 1217-1314, Michael Altschul, The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1965.

Noted events in his life were:

• Military: Conquered lordship of Thomond (modern county Clare). ⁶

• Personality: Established himself as one of the great Anglo-Irish magnates by late 13th century. ⁶

• Political: Governor of the City of London, Steward of Waltharn. ⁶

• Political: One of most important members of lesser baronage during Edward I's reign. ⁶

• Military: Fought with brother Gilbert for rebels, 14 May 1264, Lewes. ^{6 89}

• Knighthood: Knighted by Simon de Montfort on the eve of the Battle of Lewes, 14 May 1264. ^{6 89}

• Military: Followed brother Gilbert's lead & deserted Montfort for Prince Edward, May 1265. ^{6 89}

• Title: Lord Inchequin, 1276.

Thomas married Juliane FitzMaurice FitzGerald of Offaly,^{2 5 6 108 142} daughter of Sir Maurice FitzMaurice Baron Offaly and Emmeline Longespée, in 1275 in Essex, England.^{2 5 64 108 142} Juliane was born Btw 1249 and 1266 in Dublin, Ireland ^{5 6 108} and died Btw 1300 and 1309 ⁶ at age 51. Another name for Juliane was Juliane FitzMaurice Fitzgerald Of Offaly.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 102)

  Ninth Generation  

108. John Howard Sheriff of Norfolk ^{5 6} (Joan de Cornwall⁷⁶, Sir Richard de Cornwall⁶², Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou⁴³, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in 1310 ^{6 156} and died in 1388 ^{6 156} at age 78.

Noted events in his life were:

• Military: Admiral of the Navy, 1336. ^{1 6}

John married Alice de Boys,^{1 5 6} daughter of Sir Robert de Boys.^{1 5 6} Alice was born about 1314.⁶

The child from this marriage was:

+ 123 M    i. Robert Howard ^{1 5 6} died in 1389.^{5 6}

110. Eleanor de Clare Countess of Gloucester ^{1 6 127 133 150 160} (Joan "of Acre" Countess Of Gloucester⁸³, Edward I "Longshanks" King of England⁶³, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 12 Oct 1292 in Caerphilly Castle, Glamorganshire, Wales ^{1 6 160} and died on 30 Jun 1337 ^{6 160} at age 44.

General Notes: Co-Heiress With Her Two Sisters Of Her Brother Gilbert.

[G675.ged]

Michael Altschul, *A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314*, Baltimore MD (The Johns Hopkins Press) 1965, concerning the partition of the de CLARE estates after the death of the last Gilbert, p 170-171: "Hugh Despenser and Eleanor [Gilbert's sister] received the lordship of Glamorgan, the most important of all the Clare holdings, along with Rotherfield in Sussex and scattered manors in Devon and Somerset. In addition, each heir acquired two-ninths of the liberty of Kilkenny in Ireland, although there is no evidence that any of them every visited it. (P) The death of the countess in the summer of 1320 completed the division of the estates among th heirs. Maud probably died on July 2, and the properties she held in dower must have been partitioned shortly thereafter. Each received an equal portion of her third of Kilkenny. The partition of the Clare estates has been described as "the most important territorial upheaval of the reign." [Denham-Young *Vita Edwardi Secundi, pp xii-xiii*]"

Noted events in her life were:

• Land: They split the lands, worth some £6, 000 gross, between them. ⁶

• Land: Rec'd Glamorgan & other scattered estates. ⁶

Eleanor married Lord Hugh "The Younger" le Despenser,^{6 171} son of Hugh "The Elder" le Despenser Earl of Winchester and Lady Isabella de Beauchamp, in May 1306 in Westminster, England.^{6 133 150 161} Hugh was born Btw 1280 and 1290 in Barton, England ⁶ and died on 26 Nov 1326 in Hereford, England ^{6 160} at age 45. The cause of his death was Executed via hanging, drawn & quartered. Another name for Hugh was Hugh Le Despenser The Earl of Gloucester.

Noted events in his life were:

• Military: Captured with the king, then tried and hanged. ⁶

• Land: Granted forfeited estates of wife's half sister Joan when Joan declared rebel. ⁶

• Land: Said fortune increased enormoously by violence, 1321-1326. ⁶

• Military: Fled with Edward II upon rebellion of Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer. ⁶

• Title: Earl of Gloucester, Lord of Glamorgan on Eleanor's brother's death. ^{6 62}

• Trial: Judged as a traitor and thief, 24 Nov 1326, London, England.

Children from this marriage were:

   124 M    i. Sir Edward le Despenser ^{6 133 172} died on 30 Sep 1342 in Morlaix.^{5 6}

+ 125 F    ii. Isabel le Despenser ^{6 127 150 170} was born about 1312 ^{6 170} and died in 1376 ⁶ about age 64.

112. Edward III Plantagenet King of England (Edward Plantagenet II, King of England⁹², Edward I "Longshanks" King of England⁶³, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born on 13 Nov 1312 and died on 21 Jun 1377 at age 64.

Edward married Philippa de Hainaut.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 126 M    i. John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster was born on 6 Mar 1340, died on 3 Feb 1399 at age 58, and was buried in Old Saint Paul's Cathedral.

116. Eleanor Plantagenet ^{54 164} (Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Lancaster⁹⁸, Edmund Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster⁶⁴, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born about 1315 in Arundel, West Sussex, England and died on 11 Jan 1372 ¹⁶⁴ about age 57. Another name for Eleanor was Eleanor of Lancaster.¹⁶⁴

Eleanor married John Beaumont 2nd Lord Beaumont. John died on 14 Apr 1342. The cause of his death was Died in tournament.

Eleanor next married Richard FitzAlan 10th Earl of Arundel ^{54 164 174} on 5 Feb 1344 in Ditton Church, Buckinghamshire, England.¹⁶⁴ Richard died on 24 Jan 1376.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 127 M    i. Richard FitzAlan 11th Earl of Arundel ⁵⁴ died on 21 Sep 1397.

117. Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke of Lancaster (Henry Plantagenet 3rd Earl of Lancaster⁹⁸, Edmund Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster⁶⁴, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born circa 1306 and died on 24 Mar 1361 at age 55.

Henry married Isabel de Beaumont.

Children from this marriage were:

   128 F    i. Maud of Grosmont Countess of Leicester was born in Bolingbroke Castle in Lindsey.

+ 129 F    ii. Blanche of Lancaster was born on 25 Mar 1345 in Bolingbroke Castle in Lindsey and died on 12 Sep 1369 at age 24.

119. Margaret de Clare ^{5 6} (Juliane FitzMaurice FitzGerald of Offaly¹⁰², Emmeline Longespée⁶⁸, Stephen Longespée Earl of Ulster⁴⁷, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born Btw 1280 and 1286 in Thomond, Connaught, Co Clare, Ireland,^{6 165} died Btw 1333 and 1335 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent ^{5 6} at age 53, and was buried in Imprisoned In The Tower After Her Husband Bartholomew Deleware Badlesmere's Execution.⁶

Margaret married Baron Bartholomew Badlesmere V,^{5 6} son of Sir Gunceline de Badlesmere and Joan FitzBernard, before 1308 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent.^{5 59} Bartholomew was born Btw 1259 and 1275 in Chilham, Kent ^{2 5 6} and died on 14 Apr 1322 in Canterbury, Kent ^{5 6 165} at age 62. The cause of his death was Hanged, drawn & quartered.

Noted events in his life were:

• Political: Governor of Bristol Castle, 1275. ⁶

• Political: Governor of Leeds Castle, 1312. ⁶

• Military: Rebels defeated at Battle of Boroughbridge. ⁶

• Death: Executed after the battle. ⁶

Children from this marriage were:

   130 F    i. Margery de Badlesmere ^{2 6} was born Btw 1306 and 1315 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent ^{2 6} and died on 18 Oct 1363 in Helmsley, Yorkshire ^{2 6} at age 56.

+ 131 F    ii. Maud de Badlesmere ^{6 102} was born Btw 1308 and 1310 in Castle Badlesmere, Kent ^{6 26} and died on 24 May 1366 in Oxford, Oxfordshire ^{6 26 175} at age 57.

   132 F    iii. Elizabeth de Badlesmere ^{5 6 129 177} was born in 1313 ^{5 6 7 22} and died on 8 Jun 1356 ^{2 5 6 7 22} at age 43.

120. Johanna de Botetourt ⁶⁴ (Matilda FitzThomas¹⁰³, Beatrix de Beauchamp⁶⁹, Ida Longespée⁴⁸, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹).

Johanna married Robert FitzWalter II,⁶⁴ son of Lord Robert FitzWalter and Devorguilla de Burgh.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 104)

122. Lord John FitzWalter Baron of Little Dunmow ^{64 168} (Robert FitzWalter II¹⁰⁴, Lord Robert FitzWalter⁷⁰, Ida Longespée⁴⁸, William Longespée Earl of Salisbury³³, Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born in Dunmow, Essex, England.

John married Alianore de Percy.^{5 64 169 178 5 6 169 170} Alianore died in 1361.⁶⁴

The child from this marriage was:

+ 133 F    i. Alice FitzWalter .^{64 149 170}

  Tenth Generation  

123. Robert Howard ^{1 5 6} (John Howard Sheriff of Norfolk¹⁰⁸, Joan de Cornwall⁷⁶, Sir Richard de Cornwall⁶², Richard Plantagenet Earl of Cornwall, Count of Poitou⁴³, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) died in 1389.^{5 6}

Robert married Margery de Scales,^{1 5 6} daughter of Lord Robert de Scales II and Catherine de Ufford.^{1 5 6}

The child from this marriage was:

+ 134 M    i. John Howard Sheriff of Essex, Sheriff of Hertford ^{1 5 6 179} was born in 1365 in Wigenhall, Norfolk ^{5 6} and died on 17 Nov 1436 in Lincolnshire, England ^{1 5 6 180} at age 71.

125. Isabel le Despenser ^{6 127 150 170} (Eleanor de Clare Countess of Gloucester¹¹⁰, Joan "of Acre" Countess Of Gloucester⁸³, Edward I "Longshanks" King of England⁶³, Henry III King of England⁴⁴, John I of England King of England³², Henry II King of England¹⁶, Emperess Matilda Queen of England⁹, Henry I King of England³, William King of England¹) was born about 1312 ^{6 170} and died in 1376 ⁶ about age 64.

Isabel married Richard FitzAlan 10th Earl of Arundel,^{5 6 55 170 181 182} son of Edmund FitzAlan 9th Earl of Arundel and Alice de Warenne, on 9 Feb 1321 in King's Chapel, Havering-Atte-Bower.^{5 6 150 170 173} Richard was born about 1313 in Arundel, Sussex, England ^{5 6 102 170} and died on 24 Jan 1376 in Arundel, West Sussex, England ^{5 6 170 181 183} about age 63.